Fire Protection and Arson Investigation Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering firefighting terminology, Philippine fire laws, fire classifications, and operational phases based on the lecture transcript.

$$\text{RA 6975}$$

The law under which the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) was created; also known as the DILG Act of 1990.

Abatement

Any act or condition that removed or neutralized a fire hazard.

Conduction

Heat transfer by direct contact from one body to another.

Arson

The act of burning one’s property with malicious intent, or the intentional and malicious destruction of property by fire.

Radiation

A means of heat transfer where energy travels through space or materials as waves.

$$\text{PD 1185}$$

The Presidential Decree otherwise known as the Fire Code of the Philippines of 1977, which was repealed by Republic Act No. 9514.

Triangle of fire

The three elements of fire consisting of heat, fuel, and oxygen.

Class A fire

Fires involving flammable materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics.

Class C fires

Fires involving electrical equipment or potentially energized electrical equipment.

Class D fires

Fires involving combustible metals such as $Al$, $Ti$, $Zr$, $Na$, $K$, $Ca$, and $Zn$, represented by a star symbol on extinguishers.

Pyrolysis

The chemical decomposition of a substance through the action of heat; also described as a substance igniting spontaneously when exposed to air.

Fire Suppression

The act or process of lowering down the intensity of heat in a fire.

Fire Control

The act or process of preventing fire from spreading.

Forcible Entry

Techniques used to get into buildings or other areas of confinement when normal means of entry are locked or blocked.

$$\text{PD 1613}$$

The decree that amends the law on arson.

Providential

Fires caused by unforeseen acts of God, such as lightning.

Kindling Temperature

The temperature at which the material is not enough to keep burning but still gives off enough vapors to cause a flash across the surface.

Flash Point

The temperature at which the material will give off ample vapors to keep burning.

Ember

A hot piece or lump that remains after a material has partially burned and is still oxidizing without flames.

Electric Arc

An extremely hot luminous bridge formed by the passage of an electric current across a space between two conductors due to incandescence.

Confinement

A phase of fire operation that prevents fire from extending to other portions within the same building.

Cover-exposure

A phase of fire operation that prevents fire from affecting uninvolved structures.

Ventilation

The phase of firefighting operation that removes smoke and heat from the building.

Fire Alarm

Any visual or audible signal produced by a device to warn occupants or firefighters of the presence of fire danger.

Fire Trap

A term for a building that is unsafe in case of fire because it burns easily or lacks adequate exits or fire escapes.

Trailer

A technical term for the preparation of flammable substances in order to spread fire.

Fire Extinguishment Theory

The principle that fire can be extinguished by reducing temperature, eliminating fuel supply, or stopping the chemical chain reaction.

Flame Retardant

Any compound or mixture applied properly to improve the fire resistance quality of fabrics and other materials.

Point of Origin

The technical name for the specific place where a fire started.

Fire Pattern

The actual physical effects seen or measured after a fire, including charring, oxidation, distortion, and melting.

Fire Tetrahedron

The four elements necessary for fire: oxygen, fuel, heat, and self-sustained chemical chain reaction.

Class K

Fires in cooking appliances involving combustible cooking media such as vegetable or animal oils and fats.

Backdraft

An explosive condition in the smoldering phase of fire caused by the sudden introduction of oxygen.

Cryogenic

Descriptive of any material that produces a rapid drop in temperature of the immediate surroundings through its reaction with other elements.

Starving

A way to extinguish fire by removing the fuel source or allowing the fire to consume all available fuel.

PASS

A mnemonic for fire extinguisher usage standing for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.