Activity and Exercise (NRS 215)

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing core principles of activity, exercise, readiness to change, mobility devices, body mechanics, and restraint safety guidelines from NRS 215.

Adult Exercise Guidelines

Weekly activity recommendations consisting of at least $150\,min$ of moderate-intensity aerobic activity combined with $2$ or more days of muscle-strengthening exercises.

Maximum Heart Rate (MHR)

The upper limit of heart rate during exertion, calculated by subtracting the patient's age from $220$ (e.g., $220 - 45 = 175\,bpm$).

Target Heart Rate Range

The optimal heart rate range during exercise, calculated as $60\%$ to $90\%$ of a patient's maximum heart rate.

Precontemplation Stage

The stage of behavior change in the Transtheoretical Model where an individual has no intent to change within the next $6\text{ months}$ and is unaware of the problem behavior.

Contemplation Stage

The stage of behavior change in the Transtheoretical Model where an individual intends to make a change within the next $6\text{ months}$ and is aware of the need for change.

Preparation Stage

The stage of behavior change in the Transtheoretical Model where an individual intends to take action in the immediate future, usually within a month, and has developed a plan of action.

Action Stage

The stage of behavior change in the Transtheoretical Model where an individual has actively made specific lifestyle modifications within the past $6\text{ months}$.

Maintenance Stage

The stage of behavior change in the Transtheoretical Model where an individual has maintained lifestyle changes for over $6\text{ months}$ and works to prevent relapse.

Physiological Factors Affecting Activity Tolerance

Physical factors including skeletal abnormalities, muscular impairments, decreased cardiac function, pain, and impaired physical stability.

Emotional Factors Affecting Activity Tolerance

Psychological factors including anxiety, depression, chemical addictions, motivation, and values and beliefs about exercise.

Developmental Factors Affecting Activity Tolerance

Age, sex, pregnancy, and older adult considerations such as medications, hormonal changes, and loss of bone mass.

Physical Therapist (PT)

A healthcare provider who collaborates with nurses on exercise plans, assists patients with walking using assistive devices, and directs isometric exercises.

Occupational Therapist (OT)

A healthcare provider who focuses on adaptive devices, specialized techniques, activities of daily living (ADL), and improving patient mobility.

Walker

An assistive device with a wide base of support that provides high stability; requires the patient to be able to bear weight on both legs to use a front-wheel model.

Cane Types

Mobility assistive devices available in quad (A), wood (B), and aluminum (C) styles.

Crutch Types

Assistive devices for ambulation, categorized as underarm (axillary) (A) or forearm (lofstrand) (B).

Gait Belt

A belt placed around a patient's waist used to assist healthcare providers in safely helping patients sit, stand, walk, or transfer.

Body Balance Principles

Techniques to maintain stability when working, including spreading feet apart, lowering the center of gravity relative to the base of support, and squatting by bending knees and flexing hips with proper back alignment.

Wrist Restraint

A physical restraint secured around the wrist to limit movement of the upper extremities.

Vest Restraint

A wearable torso restraint applied to secure a patient in a bed or chair to prevent wandering or falling.

Mitt Restraint

A padded enclosure placed over the hand to prevent a patient from pulling at lines, tubes, or skin.

Elbow Restraint

A rigid or padded sleeve applied around the arm to prevent elbow flexion, preventing the patient from touching the face, surgical sites, or medical lines.

Dangers of Restraints

Adverse outcomes associated with restraint use, including suffocation, impaired circulation, altered skin integrity, pressure injuries, decreased muscle and bone mass, fractures, altered nutrition and hydration, aspiration, incontinence, and pneumonia.

Alternatives to Restraints

Nursing measures used before placing restraints, such as tending to patient needs, involving family in care, decreasing noise and hazards, placing disoriented clients near the nursing station, camouflaging lines or tubes, maintaining the bed in a low position, encouraging exercise, and allowing walking.

Restraint Documentation Requirements

Mandatory clinical requirements specifying that nurses must document the need for restraints, document alternatives attempted, release restraints every $2\,hours$, obtain a physician's order every $24\,hours$, and secure family consent.