Social 20-1 Unit Test #1

Identity

What is a linguistic understanding of a nation?

A shared language creates belonging and shapes worldview (ex. Quebec).

What is an ethnic understanding of a nation?

Based on shared racial, cultural, or linguistic traits; protects identity but can lead to racism/intolerance (ex. Korea, China, Nazis).

What is a cultural/religious understanding of a nation?

Shared way of life, traditions, or beliefs (ex. Jewish nation 3000 yrs with no proper territory, Christians, Christmas tree).

What is a geographic understanding of a nation?

Physical barriers like mountains/oceans shape isolation and identity (ex. Tibetan people in mountains, Japan).

What is a relationship to land understanding of a nation?

• different areas provide different resources

• The spirit of a place is decisive in the spiritual connection between human beings and a specific place

• (ex. Siksika, Palestine, First Nations).

What is a spiritual understanding of a nation?

Shared religious or sacred connections (ex. Jerusalem).

What is the political understanding of a nation? ⭐

Self determination and sovereignty

Self-determination (definition)

• power to control own affairs (ex. First Nations in Canada).

• the government allows you to make certain choices

Sovereignty (definition)

• complete political authority to control one's own affairs, you ARE the government.

When you are deciding if people are in a nation, you need to consider if they have the desire for ___ ______, even if they __ ___ have ______.

self determination, do not, sovereignty

What is a civic understanding of a nation?

when people, no matter their ethnic, culture and language agree to live according to particular values and beliefs expressed as laws

What was feudalism in medieval France?

Land-based hierarchy: King → Nobles → Peasants; Church dominant; small isolated communities.

What the lifestyle and education like during the Medieval period (400-1500 CE)

• families lived together in small communities that were isolated from the outside

• Land-based hierarchy: King → Nobles → Peasants; Church dominant; small isolated communities.

What was education like during the Medieval period? 

VERY FEW new ideas, lack of education for regular people

Who became very powerful kingdoms during the Medieval period?

England and France (Ancien Régime)

What was the Ancien Régime?

France’s old political/social system: Catholic church, absolute monarchy, extremely structured social classes.

Absolute monarchy

• has full control over everything, taxes, people, etc

What is the difference between the Medieval period and Feudalism?

Feudalism was the leading system of life and politics in the medieval era

During the feudal era, the king awarded ___ ___ to his nobles in return for ____ ____

Land grants (fiefs), military service

As time went on, what happened to Western Europe in terms of merchants and trading?

• Merchants emerge who trade with the east (SLIK ROAD), commerce, accounting and contracts emerge as well

• Tradesmen resented giving their profits to their lords, and the market became the docks of the town

What change did the Enlightenment (1685–1815) bring? ⭐

“Age of Reason” – thinkers questioned authority and embraced the notion that humanity is rational

• The American and French revolutions were inspired by the Enlightenment ideals

Who was John Locke? ⭐

• Father of liberalism (liberty/equality of peoples)

  • Democratic principles

  • people can rise against unjust rulers and influence revolutions.

John Locke believed that

• Believed that, at birth, the mind is a blank slate (tabula rasa)

• Humans are reasonable

• Everyone has a NATURAL RIGHT to defend their  “life, health, liberty and possession

• Man has the right to RISE UP against an unjust ruler

Who was Rousseau?

• Believed humans are good in nature but corrupted by society

• Agree to live within the social contract, or you will lose your humanity

• Kings have tricked you into giving up power (republicanism)

Who was Voltaire?

Advocated freedom of religion/speech

• separation of church and state; against Catholic Church & Ancien Régime; supported enlightened monarchs.

• Distrusted democracy and through it propagated the idiocy of the masses

The french revolution was a result of what?

the Enlightenment vision of throwing out old society ( the ancien regime) to make society along rational lines

What sparked the American Revolution?

Britain taxed colonies (Stamp Act, Tea Act) after 7 Years’ War → protests (“no taxation without representation”).

What was the Declaration of Independence?

Written by Jefferson, inspired by Locke

• believed in natural rights + the ‘consent of governed’

What was the impact of the American Revolution?

First modern democracy; inspired other nations; put Enlightenment ideas into practice.

What were France’s 3 estates?

1st: Clergy (1%); 2nd: Nobility; 3rd: Commoners (97%).

What factors caused the Revolution? ⭐

• Social: unequal estates system

• Political: Divine Right monarchy

• Economic: bankruptcy, drought, food shortages, taxation of poor

• Middle Class (bourgeoisie) demand reforms

Key early events of French Revolution?

1789 Estates General → Tennis Court Oath → Storming of Bastille → Abolition of feudal system → Declaration of Rights of Man

Who were Jacobins vs. Girondins?

Jacobins = radical republicans; Girondins = moderate monarchists.

What was the Reign of Terror (1793–94)?

40,000 executed by guillotine; Robespierre’s radical rule; ended with shift to moderation

How did Napoleon rise to power?

 Military success → coup (1799)

• lead to centralized government, new schools, taxes, Napoleonic Code.

What did Napoleon symbolize?

French nationalism and pride; spread Napoleonic Code across Europe.

How did Napoleon fall?

Failed wars

• (esp. Britain blockade, Russia); defeated at Leipzig, exiled to Elba → returned for 100 Days → defeated at Waterloo (1815), exiled to St. Helena.

What is patriotism?

Love of one’s country.

What are contending loyalties? ⭐

Conflicting loyalties (ex. Canada Day vs. Memorial Day in Newfoundland; Quebec sovereignty vs. federalism).

What is cultural pluralism? ⭐

Promoting unique cultural identities within a society.

What is reasonable accommodation? ⭐

Adjusting institutions to minority practices as long as rights/freedoms aren’t violated.

Example of Indigenous contending loyalty?

Oka Crisis (1990) – Mohawk land dispute; resulted in federal purchase of land, legacy of bitterness.

What are non-nationalist loyalties?

Loyalties not tied to nation (family, religion, region, class, ideology, ethnicity).

Examples of non-nationalist loyalties?

• Class (ex. French Revolution estates)

• Religion (Shiite vs. Sunni in Iraq)

• Regional (Alberta vs. Ottawa over oil/NEP)

• Ideological (conservatism, Marxism, environmentalism)

• Cultural (heritage, traditions)

• Ethnic/Racial (Tutsis, Koreans)