population portion
world can be divided into 7 portions, each containing about 1 billion people
Population Clusters
.2/3 of the worlds inhabitants live in 4 regions: East Asia, South Asia, Europe, Southeast Asia
Ecumene
The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.
Arithmetic Density-population geography
The total number of people divided by the total land area.
arable land
land suited for agriculture
Physiological Density
The number of people per unit area of arable land
-measures the pressure that people place on the land to produce enough food
Physiological density = total number of population / total area of arable land
Agricultural Density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable land
Agricultural density = # of farmers / amount of arable land
countries with higher stages of economic development are able to
produce higher crop yields with fewer people
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
The percentage by which a population grows in a year
doubling time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society.
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society.
demographic transition
The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.
4 stages of demographic transition
stage one: very high CBR, very high CDR, Very low NIR
stage 2:still high CBR, rapidly declining CDR, very high NIR
stage 3: rapidly declining CBR, moderately declining CDR, moderate NIR
stage 4:very low CBR, low, slightly increasing CDR, 0 or negative NIR
Stage 5: Decline (low Crude Birth Rate - High Crude Death Rate)
700,00 female babies are "missing" in China and India every year because of
gender-based selection
sex ratio
The number of males per 100 females in the population.
Maternal Mortality Rate
annual number of deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.
potential support ratio (elderly support ratio)
the number working-age people (age 15-64) divided by the number of persons 65 and older
life expectancy
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
dependency ratio
the number of people under 15 and over 64 compared to ppl in labor force
Population Pyramid
bar graph that displays the percentage of a place's population for each age and gender
annual per capita expenditure on health care exceeds $1000 in developed countries
less than $100 in sub-Saharan African and SouthAsia
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.
Epidemiologic Transition
process of change in distinctive causes of death in each stage of demographic transition
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.
Zero Population Growth (ZPG)
population neither grows nor declines
lower CBR
education, health care, contraception
Population pyramid
bar graph- displays % of a place's population for each age and gender
Two major reasons for reducing birth rate:
economic development and distribution of contraceptive devices
Four most populous regions
East Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Europe
Common characteristics of most populous regions
Near ocean or river w/ easy access to an ocean
occupy generally low-lying areas
fertile soil
temperate climate
Characteristics of sparsely populated regions
Dry, wet cold, mountainous
Studied by 31 People