Eco

counting cells with just numbers on excel

=COUNT(data_range)

counting cells with numbers or text

=COUNTA(data_range)

tallying/counting cells with text

COUNTIF(date_range, "word you are looking for")

HIstogram (calculating frequency) excel

=COUNTIF($C$29:$C$43,">="&$J3)-COUNTIF($C$29:$C$43,">="&$J4)

Variance

=VAR.S(data_range)

Calculate the p-value for the null hypothesis

=T.TEST(array 1, array 2, tails, type)

Calculate the two-tailed value of the t-statistic

=T.INV.2T(probability, degrees of freedom)

R-value (correlation coefficient)

=Pearson(array 1, array 2)

To perform a test of significance for the correlation coefficient, based on sample correlation and sample size

=ABS((G20*SQRT(G21-2))/SQRT(1-(G20)^2))

p-value based on the t-statistic

=TDIST(G22,G21-2,2)

Mean on excel

=AVERAGE

Standard deviation on excel

=STDEV.S

maximum on excel

=MAX

minimum on excel

=MIN

Pied-billed grebe beak

short, thick beak with sharp end

Pied-billed grebe foot

Lobed

Pied-billed grebe diet

dives for aquatic insects, crayfish, and small fish

Green-winged Teal beak

flat, wide beak

Green-winged Teal foot

webbed

Green-winged Teal diet

seeds, grasses, small invertebrates

Red-tailed Hawk beak

sharp, curved, strong

Red-tailed Hawk foot

raptorial (catch prey and rip&shear)

Red-tailed Hawk diet

ground squirrels, meadow mice, young cottontails, gophers, occasionally snakes, birds, and fish

Red-tailed Hawk distinct

broad wings, short tail to help it rise up on thermals in late morning once sun heats the Earth

American Kestrel beak

sharp, curved, strong

American Kestrel Foot

Raptorial

American Kestrel diet

Insects (grasshoppers); birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians

Northern Flicker beak

Long, pointy, thick

Northern Flicker foot

Zygodactyl

Northern Flicker diet

insects, mostly ants; acorns, grains, and fruits

Acorn Woodpecker beak

long, thick, strong, sharp-ended

Acorn Woodpecker foot

Zygodactyl

(cling onto side of a structure)

Acorn Woodpecker diet

heavily depends on acorn, also eats insects, sap and fruit

Acorn Woodpecker distinguished traits

Tail = robust tail feather & stabilizes the bird as it pecks

Tongue = reach into tree and catch prey; sharp and sticky

Hyoid Apparatus = limit brain trauma

Mourning Dove beak

Thinner for a seed eater, short rounded tip

Mourning Dove foot

Anisodactyl

Mourning Dove diet

mainly seeds

Mourning Dove distinct characters

pointed tail, smaller body, dusky brown-pinkish color

Rock Dove beak

Top beak curved, thick, short

Rock dove foot

anisodactyl

Rock dove diet

mainly seeds

Rock dove distinguished character

Big and rectangular tail

Cliff swallow beak

flat, wide, sharp end and straight

(gives more surface area for prey to get caught)

Cliff swallow foot

anisodactyl

Cliff Swallow diet

flying insects, including flies, beetles, and ants; spiders

Cliff Swallow mode of capture

Catch prey while flying (wings)

Barn Swallow beak

flat, wide

(more SA for prey to get caught)

Barn Swallow Foot

Anisodactyl

Barn Swallow diet

Flying insects, esp. flies occasionally seeds and fruits from the ground

catches insects on wing while flying

Yellow-rumped Warbler beak

thin, short

Yellow-rumped Warbler foot

anisodactyl

Yellow-rumped Warbler diet

mainly insects and spiders; forage at middle heights among outer tree branches some fruits, nectar, and seeds

pluck off like tweezer

Ruby-crowned Kinglet beak

thin, short

Ruby-crowned Kinglet foot

anisodactyl

Ruby-crowned Kinglet diet

Forages actively for insect song tree branches; also will hover at branch tips to pick off small insects

California Scrub Jay beak

longer, thin-thick, stronger, pointed end

California Scrub Jay foot

anisodactyl

Califronia Scrub Jay diet

omnivorous, feeding on insects, fruits, seeds

in our area: acorns, crops, nuts, lizards, nestling birds

Northern Mockingbird beak

thin, same length as magpie (medium), small

Northern Mockingbird foot

Anisodactyl

Northern Mockingbird diet

insects and fruit

Yellow-billed Magpie beak

thick, medium length; yellow color

Yellow-billed Magpie foot

Anisodactyl

Yellow-billed Magpie diet

Omnivorous and eat anything form insects to nuts and seeds to fruit to carrion

Golden-crowned Sparrow beak

short, thick, sharp end

Golden-crowned Sparrow foot

anisodactyl

Golden-crowned sparrow diet

green seedling and seeds of weeds; insects

White-crowned Sparrow beak

short, thick, sharp end

White-crowned Sparrow foot

anisodactyl

White-crowned Sparrow diet

seeds and insects; cotyledons of newly sprouted plants

Brewer's Blackbird beak

Pointy end, medium length

Brewer's Blackbird foot

anisodactyl

Brewer's Blackbird diet

insects, mainly Lepidoptera, and beetles; some fruit

Red-winged Blackbird beak

pointy end, medium length

Red-winged blackbird foot

anisodactyl

Red-winged blackbird diet

Mainly insects (grasshoppers, caterpillars, beetles); grain and weed seeds

Red-winged Blackbird distinct

Males = red

Female = brown

(sexual dimorphism)

American Goldfinch beak

very short, thick, barely comes out of the face

American Goldfinch foot

Anisodactyl

American Goldfinch diet

seeds

Black Phoebe beak

short, pointy end

Black Phoebe foot

anisodactyl

Black Phoebe diet

insects; fill take minnows from water

Black Phoebe mode of capture

sallying out = catching prey while flying, then bring back to its perch to eat it

Anna's hummingbird beak

very long and thin

Anna's hummingbird foot

anisodactyl

Anna's hummingbird diet

feeds on nectar and tiny insects

Anna's hummingbird distinct

gorget = colorful

Males dive down and make a mechanical sound

House Sparrow beak

stronger and more robust; short

House Sparrow foot

anisodactyl

House Sparrow diet

feeds on seeds and insects but also eats human handouts

House Sparrow distinct

invasive species;

competes with other sparrows, American goldfinch, seed eaters

House Finch beak

strong, more robust

House Finch foot

Anisodactyl

House Finch diet

mainly seeds of annual grasses and forbs; fruits and berries

House Finch distinct

invasive species

European Starling beak

long, thing, sharp pointy tip

European Starling foot

Anisodactyl

European Starling diet

forages for gurbs, worms, insects, seeds, or in trees for fruit

European Starling distinct

invasive species; compete with the blackbirds