APUSH UNIT 3 VOCAB

British-French Wars

A series of conflicts between Britain and France for territory in Europe, South Asia, and the Americas, with American Indians mainly allying with the French.

Colonial Independence

The desire of the colonies to assert self-sufficiency and independence from British rule, influenced by Enlightenment ideas and resulting in a new nation.

Articles of Confederation

The first American constitution that created a loose confederation of states under a weak national Congress, later replaced by the Constitution in 1789.

Constitution

The foundational document of the U.S. government, written in 1787 and ratified in 1788, establishing the structure and functions of government.

Conflicting Views of Government

Debates among the Founding Fathers over the new Constitution, focusing on federal vs. state power, individual rights, and foreign affairs.

Changes in Economics, Politics, and Culture

The arrival of immigrants and westward expansion led to cultural development and conflicts with Native Americans.

Seven Years’ War

A global conflict (1756–1763) primarily between Britain and France, resulting in British territorial gains in North America and India.

French and Indian War

A nine-year conflict between Britain and France that led to the French withdrawal from North America and set the stage for the Seven Years' War.

George Washington

A young colonel who commanded a militia to stop the construction of Fort Duquesne.

Edward Braddock

A general whose 1755 expedition from Virginia ended disastrously against French forces and their Algonquin allies.

Albany Plan of Union

A proposal by Benjamin Franklin to unite the 13 colonies for trade and military purposes, ultimately rejected but influential for future congresses.

Peace of Paris

The 1763 treaty that ended the Seven Years' War, granting Britain significant territorial gains in North America and ending French power on the continent.

Immediate Effects of the War

Direct consequences following the war, including loss of life, economic disruption, and changes in governance.

British View of the War

Perspectives emphasizing national interests and military strategy from British leaders and citizens.

Colonial View of the War

Perspectives of colonists focusing on grievances against British rule and aspirations for independence.

Salutary Neglect

British policy of avoiding strict regulations on the colonies, leading to a lack of colonial representation in governance.

Pontiac’s Rebellion

An uprising led by Chief Pontiac to expel British forces from Ohio, brutally suppressed by British troops.

Proclamation of 1763

A decree preventing settlement beyond the Appalachians, increasing colonial unrest.

Growing British-Colonial Tensions

The lack of colonial representation in Parliament leading to grievances against British actions.

King George III

The British monarch who disbanded colonial legislatures and imposed taxes, contributing to colonial discontent.

Whigs

A political party opposing Andrew Jackson, advocating for a strong federal government and economic development.

Sugar Act (1764)

Legislation imposing duties on foreign sugar and luxuries to raise revenue.

Quartering Act (1765)

Required colonists to provide housing and provisions for British soldiers.

Stamp Act

A tax to raise funds for British military forces in the colonies, leading to widespread protest.

Patrick Henry

A leader of the American Revolution known for his oratory against British rule.

Stamp Act Congress

A meeting of colonial delegates protesting the Stamp Act, demonstrating colonial unity.

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

A patriotic group opposing the Stamp Act and promoting non-importation agreements.

Declaratory Act

Asserted Parliament's right to tax the colonies after repealing the Stamp Act.

Townshend Acts

New duties on colonial imports, leading to increased tensions and searches for smuggled goods.

Writ of Assistance

A general search warrant allowing British officials to search colonial properties without specific cause.

John Dickinson

Argued for colonial representation in taxation matters, opposing British policies.

Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania

A protest against the Townshend Acts, advocating for colonial rights.

James Otis

An early patriot who argued against British taxation, coining the phrase "Taxation without representation is tyranny."

Samuel Adams

A key revolutionary leader and founder of the Sons of Liberty, advocating for independence.

Massachusetts Circular Letter

Urged colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts.

Repeal of the Townshend Acts

The repeal led by Lord Frederick North due to trade damage and low revenue.

Boston Massacre

A confrontation in 1770 where British soldiers killed five colonists, escalating tensions.

Committees of Correspondence

Networks for spreading revolutionary ideas and coordinating resistance against British policies.

The Gaspee

A British