BIOL 300: Principles of Genetics Discussion

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27 Terms

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Gregor Mendel

Known as the Father of Modern Genetics he experimented on Pea Plants, and he was able to show that the Basic units of genetics are material elements

<p>Known as the Father of Modern Genetics he experimented on Pea Plants, and he was able to show that the Basic units of genetics are material elements </p>
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Locus

A specific location on DNA

<p>A specific location on DNA</p>
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Gene

A sequence at a particular locus that codes for a protein

<p>A sequence at a particular locus that codes for a protein </p>
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Allele

An alternate form of a gene (multiple)

<p>An alternate form of a gene (multiple) </p>
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Law of Segregation

Alleles of the same gene will separate from each other during meiosis.

<p>Alleles of the same gene will separate from each other during meiosis.</p>
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What process leads to many combinations of alleles in gametes?

The Law of Segregation leads to many combination of alleles

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Law of Independent Assortment

Alleles of different genes will separate independently from one another, inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another trait

<p>Alleles of different genes will separate independently from one another, inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another trait</p>
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Mendel's Laws

Law of Segregation and the Law of Independant Assortment

<p>Law of Segregation and the Law of Independant Assortment</p>
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Genotype

The actual alleles that are inherited such as Ss, SS, or ss (Genetic Makeup)

<p>The actual alleles that are inherited such as Ss, SS, or ss (Genetic Makeup)</p>
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Phenotype

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits according to the Genotype

<p>An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits according to the Genotype</p>
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Homozygous

The two alleles in an individual are the same

<p>The two alleles in an individual are the same</p>
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Homozygous Dominant

Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and dominant (AA)

<p>Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and dominant (AA)</p>
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Homozygous Recessive

Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and recessive (aa)

<p>Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and recessive (aa)</p>
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Heterozygous

The two alleles an individual has for a gene are different

<p>The two alleles an individual has for a gene are different</p>
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Expression of the Dominant Trait

When the individual is either Heterozygous for an allele or Homozygous Dominant for an allele

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Expression of the Recessive Trait

When the individual is Homozygous Recessive for an allele

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Incomplete Dominance

Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele, AKA Intermediate Phenotypes

<p>Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele, AKA Intermediate Phenotypes</p>
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Codominance

When both alleles are expressed in the phenotype

<p>When both alleles are expressed in the phenotype</p>
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Punnet Square

A diagram that shows the possible genotypes of a particular cross between two individuals

<p>A diagram that shows the possible genotypes of a particular cross between two individuals</p>
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Monohybrid Cross

Crosses ONE gene

<p>Crosses ONE gene</p>
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Dihybrid Cross

Crosses TWO genes

<p>Crosses TWO genes</p>
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Linked Genes

Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses.

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Katrina Pinili

The Instructor

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Sister Chromatids

Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.

<p>Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.</p>
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Non-Sister Chromatids

chromatids from different homologs in a pair

<p>chromatids from different homologs in a pair</p>
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Meiosis 1

Separation of Homologous Chromosomes

<p>Separation of Homologous Chromosomes</p>
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Meiosis 2

Separation of Sister Chromatids

<p>Separation of Sister Chromatids</p>