Biochemistry: Acids, Bases and Buffers

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26 Terms

1
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Acids are substances that release __________ when they dissolve in water.
H+
2
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An example of an acid is __________.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
3
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Bases remove __________ directly or by releasing __________.
H+; hydroxides (OH-)
4
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When hydroxide (OH-) reacts with H+, it produces __________.
water (H2O)
5
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An example of a base that removes H+ directly is __________.
Ammonia (NH3)
6
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Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) removes H+ by releasing __________ which reacts with H+.
OH-
7
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The measure of the __________ of a solution is called pH.
acidity
8
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pH is calculated with the formula: pH = -log (__________).
H+ concentration
9
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The pH scale ranges from __________ to __________.
0; 14
10
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A lower pH indicates a __________ solution.
more acidic
11
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A higher pH indicates a __________ solution.
less acidic
12
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A neutral pH is considered to be __________.
pH 7
13
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The normal pH range for most body fluids is __________ to __________.
7.35; 7.45
14
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Acidosis refers to body fluid pH chronically below __________.
7.35
15
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Alkalosis refers to body fluid pH chronically above __________.
7.45
16
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A buffer is a combination of a __________ and its __________ or vice versa.
weak acid; conjugate base
17
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The purpose of a buffer in a solution is to resist changes in __________.
pH
18
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Buffers protect body fluids from large __________ in pH.
fluctuations
19
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The three chemical buffer systems in the human body are the Carbonic acid/Bicarbonate, Phosphate, and __________ buffer systems.
Protein
20
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The __________ system regulates the pH of body fluids by controlling carbon dioxide (CO2).
Respiratory
21
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The __________ system regulates the pH of body fluids by saving or eliminating H+ and bicarbonate.
Urinary
22
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CO2 reacts with water to form __________ in body fluids.
acid
23
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Buffers in the body are essential for maintaining __________.
homeostasis
24
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The Carbonic acid/Bicarbonate Buffer System operates in __________ fluid.
extracellular
25
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The Phosphate Buffer System operates in __________ fluid.
intracellular
26
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The Protein Buffer System operates in both __________ and __________ fluid.
extracellular; intracellular