bones

maxillary

surrounding nasal

zygomatic

cheek bone

temporal

Side of skull

Sphenoid

single, irregular, bat-shaped bone, forming part of the cranial floor

Mandible

lower jaw

Occipital

back of head

Sternum

breastbone

cervical

neck region (7 bones)

Thoratic

pertaining to the chest (12 bones)

lumbar

lower back (5 bones)

vertebre

spine

Sacrum

Name this entire bone.

Coccyx

tailbone

Scapula

shoulder blade

Clavical

collar bone

Hip illiofemoral ligament

Extends from anterior inferior iliac spine to intertrochanteric line of femur. LIMITS excessive hip extension Y fan shape

Hip- Ischial Tuberosity

hip pubis

talus

ankle

Caleaneus

heel bone

navicular

shaped like a boat

medial

toward the midline

Cuneiform

identify this bone

Lateral

away from the midline

Metatarsals

bones of the foot between ankle and toes

Skeletal system responsibilities

supporting body, protecting vital organs, movemnet, Ph balance, Hematopoiesis (bone production in bone marrow), fat storage, sound transduction (bone in ear canel), storage growth factor, Removal of heavy metals or foreign chemicals, Mineral storage (calcium and phosphorous), Preduction of hormones (osteocalcin).

Bones are made of (structure)

a

complex arrangement of inorganic minerals and a variety of tissues including bone, bone marrow, nerves, blood vessels, endothelial, and cartilage.

All bones are

bones are lightweight, strong, and hard.

What are bones made of? (matirials)

calcium phosphate

allows bones to withstand large amounts of compressional force.

Bone mineral is created by osteoblasts

bone matrix (organic collagen)

protein that gives bone the ability to withstand stretching forces.

major cells

contribute to building and breaking down bone structure are osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.

Osteoblasts

responsible for creating bone matrix and, therefore,

building bone.

What happens when osteoblasts become trapped in the bone matrix that they have created.

they become osteocytes.

Osteocytes

function to

maintain the bone matrix and calcium homeostasis.

They are unable to move from their assigned location or

space which is called the lacunae. (capable of reabsorbing bone minerals and, therefore, remodeling bone structure.)

Osteoclasts

large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix (muscle contraction)

osteons,

blood vessels passing through the center.

80% of bone mass

compact bone

trabecular bone

interior, spongy bone with a porous, honeycomb structure

has a much greater surface area than compact bone.

trabecular bone

Long bones

longer than they are wide (leg bones, and phalanges.)

short bones

(Cube-shaped with a thin layer of compact bone.) carpals and tarsals

sesamoid bones

round bones found near joints (e.g., the patella & pisiform)

flat bones

Thin and curved with parallel layers of compact bone. Examples include the sternum and bones of the skull.

irregular bones

Bones that do not fit in any of the other categories. Examples include the vertebra and bones of the sinus.

Osteoarthritis

Inflammation of bone and joints (actually degeneration of joint tissue). (weight loss and ice packs)

Osteomyelitis

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow (caused by bacterial infection). (Drain area or amputate it.)

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily. (healthy diet and meds)

Osteosarcoma

malignant tumor of the bone (cancer). (surgary and radiation)

Osteogenesis imperfecta

inherited condition of deformed and abnormally brittle bones (surgury and meds)

Paget's' Disease

disease of bone interferes with your body's normal recycling process. (meds that reduce breakdown of bone)

scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis

abnormal spinal curvatures, (exercise & back brace)

Transverse

bone splits horizontaly across

oblique

indirect; slanting

spiral

ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone

Commutated fracture

shattered bone (tiny pices)

Avulsion

A chip to the side of bone

impacted fracture

broken bone ends are forced into each other

fissure

Narrow, slitlike opening

greenstick fracture

one in which the bone is bent and only partially broken

closed fracture

broken bone with no open wound

simple fracture

a fracture of the bone only, without damage to the surrounding tissues or breaking of the skin.

complex fracture

displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair

open fracture

bone fracture that breaks through the skin

appendicular skeleton

The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it

axial skeleton

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Steps of healing

inflammation, soft callus, hard callus , remodeling

Until what stage of life is calcium continually added to bone?

30 to 50 years of age

spinal fluid

bathes and nourishes, cushions and supports the weight of the brain, provides a medium for exchange of nutrients and waste