development of the symphony

Examples of Modified Sonata Form

Mendelssohn Italian Mvt 1

Sonata Rondo Form and examples

Beethoven No6 Pastoral 5th movement

Return of main theme in tonic key after 'episodes' (in exposition, after exposition, development, recap)

Beethoven 6 main features

Programmatic: mvt 2 coda = different birdsong

Structure: 5 movements, 3rd scherzo, attacca 4th, 4th through-composed,

Examples of Symphonic Poems

Lizst's Faust

Examples of Symphonies with a slow introduction that reappear later in the movement

Haydn's 'Drumroll,' Schubert No9

Tertiary Key Relationships between S1 and S2

Beethoven No9, Brahms No1, Tchaikovsky No4

Recapitulation in 'wrong key'

Haydn No47, Schubert No2 and No5

Extensive development of coda

Beethoven No3

Outline the general texture of CPE Bach No2

Brief imitative passages, otherwise homophonic

What kind of textures have influenced Haydn No25?

Baroque Concerto textures, but single line melodies remain, so homophonic overall, without continuo however

Outline the texture of Mozart No41

Movements 1-3 are typically homophonic, but Movement 4 has much polyphony, with fugue, counter subject, canon, inversion, stretto

Outline the texture of Beethoven No 9 (2)

Polyphonic with fugal passages and layered motifs

What was the general texture of Church music in the Classical Era?

Polyphonic

Which brass instrument has a theme in Brahms No1 (4)?

Trombone

Name an unusual feature of the bassline in Brahms No4 (4)

Passacaglia

Tchaikovsky No 5 (1) features what kind of texture?

Polyphonic

Name features of early classical slow movements.

Adagio/andante, binary/ternary form, short duration, lyrical and elegant, usually quieter, homophony/melody and accompaniment, longer melodic phrases, modulation to closely related keys, melodies ornamented in rococo manner

Name a symphony by Mozart with 3 movements.

'Prague' (Symphony No38)

Name 2 symphonies with the slow movement and minuet interchanged.

Haydn No44 and No68

Name a classical symphony with the slow movement first.

Haydn No49

Name a classical symphony with six movements.

Haydn No60

Name 2 classical symphonies with theme and variations in the second movement.

Haydn No94 and No103 (double variations)

Which Beethoven Symphony features a funeral march in the second movement?

No3 'Eroica'

Which Beethoven symphony features a trumpet fanfare and timpani in the second movement?

No5

Which Beethoven symphony features modified sonata form in the second movement?

No8

Which Beethoven symphony features a scherzo and adagio interchanged?

No9

How long is Schubert No9 (2), and what form does it take?

380 bars, modified sonata form

Name a second movement that uses programmatic material?

'Un Bal,' Symphonie Fantastique (Berlioz)

What form does Brahms No4 (2) take?

Modified Sonata Form

What is unusual about the second movement of Tchaikovsky No6?

Allegro in 5/4 time

How long is Tchaikovsky No4 (2)? Describe its use of dramaticism, tempo and key.

404 bars, with dramatic changes of mood, tempo and remote keys.

What is unusual about the melodic material of Tchaikovsky No4 (2)?

Cycled from Mov 1

In the early Classical era, i.e Stamitz and Sammartini, what was the typical orchestration?

Strings and harpsichord continuo (in Baroque tradition, i.e. CPE Bach Symphony No2)

What were the first woodwind additions?

Two oboes

Haydn occasionally used horns and oboes independently. Give two examples.

In the trio sections of No5 and No25

Name the typical late Haydn orchestra.

2 flutes, 2 oboes, clarinets (Haydn viewed them with suspicion), 2 bassoons, horns, trumpets, timpani, strings, continuo gradually omitted

Name instrumental innovations in timbre and scoring in Symphony Fantastique.

4 bassoons, 13 brass, cymbals, snare drum, bass drum, bells, 2 harps. (Harold en Italie is similar, with an added viola soloist, 2 tambourines and triangle).

What system allowed full chromatic range?

The Boehm system

What allowed brass instruments to play the full chromatic range? Were they immediately used?

Valves; no, they were slow to be embraced

Which Tchaikovsky symphony and movement uses all brass, including trombone and tuba?

Tchaikovsky No4 (1)

In which Brahms symphony and movement are the woodwind and brass deployed as a unit with accompanying strings?

Brahms No1 (4)

Which Tchaikovsky symphony and movement uses divisi strings?

Tchaikovsky No6 (1)

Which unusual instruments did Franck add to his Symphony in D?

Cor anglais, bass clarinet, 2 cornets and a third timpani

Name an earlier influence on Classical dance music.

Baroque suites

Which movement is typically the third in a Classical symphony?

Minuet and Trio

Name some features of a Minuet and Trio.

Both sections in binary form, graceful, triple time, symmetrical construction; 17th century stately court dance with a characteristic stately 3/4 metre, features of the trio.

How did Haydn creatively handle minuets?

Abundance of non-symmetrical phrases, and move towards the Scherzo. He was influenced by folk-dance and used Austrian, Hungarian or Croatian folk melodies, harmonies and rhythms.

Name the most prolific user of scherzos.

Beethoven

What is unusual about Beethoven 9 (2) in terms of metre?

It is written in triple time, but accents make it feel like quadruple time.

Which Beethoven symphony features a 3rd movement scherzo that is programmatic?

Beethoven No6 (3)- 'Peasants' merrymaking'

'Un Bal' (Berlioz, Symphonie Fantastique (2)) is an example of which time of dance?

Waltz

'Scenes in the Country' (Berlioz, Symphonie Fantastique (3)) includes how many scherzos?

Two

Explain the elements of dance music in Liszt's Faust.

'Mephistopheles' features a scherzo in 3-part form, followed by an extra development section and coda.

What is unusual about the scherzo in Brahms No4?

It is in sonata form, with a shortened recapitulation and little reference to S2 in the development and coda.

Describe the use of Nationalism and folk-song in Dvorak No9.

Movement 3 is a scherzo and trio, influenced by Hiawatha (native Indian warrior) at a wedding feast, inspired by a native Indian warrior's dance. The trio bears characteristics of Dvorak's homeland, with a theme styled in the manner of a Czech folk-song.

Name 2 Tchaikovsky symphonies and movements that feature elements of Russian folk-song?

Symphony No4 (4) and Symphony No6 (2)

Describe the dance structures used in Tchaikovsky No6 (2)?

Minuet/scherzo (with central trio) in 5/4 time

What did Mahler typically incorporate into his scherzos?

Folk-song

Mahler's No2 (Resurrection) features what dance style in its second movement?

A slow waltz