Practical 1

beech

white oak

red oak

black cherry

black walnut

wild grape

sycamore

sweet gum

sugar maple

red maple

tulip poplar

white ash

shagbark hickory

eastern white pine

eastern hemlock

PDR

Pellet Deposit Rate

At what age are deer in Pennsylvania generally considered to be all reproductive?

1.5 yo

Describe a “line drive” for deer.

A line drive involves driving deer through a drive line for population estimation purposes. This line takes the form of counters who stop at designated stopping points. They count the deer as they pass between them and the person to their immediate right.

tongue side of a mammal’s jaw

lingual side

6 mo deer

3 PM 1 M

3rd PM = 3 cusps

1.5 yo deer

3 PM 3 M

3rd PM = 3 cusps

2.5 yo deer

3 PM 3 M

3rd PM = 2 cusps

all pointy

3.5 yo deer

3 PM 3 M

3rd PM = 2 cusps

more wear, more plaque, less pointy

diastema

dpace between incisors and PM

cheek siefd of tooth

buccal or labial

enamel

white portion

dentin

dark portion of crown

female deer pelvis

smaller and smooth

male deer pelvis

pointy

male raccoon baculum

young - a little shorter, less ware on the port end

mature - longer, more wear on the port end, more pitting, elaborate body end

camera density calculations

individual bucks /  buck photos = population factor

extrapoaltion factor = 1 / percentage photographed based on day

bucks = indivudal number x extraptilation factor

does = photos x populatin factor x extrapolation factor

fawns = photos x populatin factor x extrapolation factor

RAP

rapid assessment programs

indices

indicate presense, not absense or abundance

nests, dens, caches, feathers, tracks, scats, hair

Difference between Lincoln-Petersen and Schable

The number of capture sessions; Schnabel requires more than two sessions.

Two basic ways of determining population size

population estimation

head counts

EIA

evironmental impact assessments

Lincoln-Petersen Index

2 trapping sessions

First Capture = M

caught again = R

total caught section session = C

total # of individuals = N

Schnable method

S = number of smaple sessions

Ci = number of animabls in ith sample

Ri = number of marked animals in ith sample = recaptures

Ui = number of animals marked for the first time

Mi = number of animals marked prior to the ith sample

bio blitz

capture and ID as many organisms as possible

Sherman

portable, foldable, expensive, only 1 animal

Leghold/foothold

Raccon foothold

longworth

portable, expansive, more space than Sherman, 1 animal

easy to break out of

victor mole

KILL

ketchall

annoying to set

museum special

KILL

box trap/tomahawk

expensive, 1 animal, could be foldable

canibear body hold

typically KILL