Health Science Theory Unit 1

Components of an individualized MyPlate customized food plan

Grains, Proteins, Fruits, Dairy, Vegetables.

Best sources of proteins

Animal foods such as meat, fish, poultry, milk, cheese, and eggs, as they are complete proteins containing the nine essential amino acids.

Carbohydrates

Major source of readily usable energy for humans, commonly referred to as starches or sugars; they supply fiber for good digestion and elimination.

Clear diet

A diet consisting of clear liquids that is nutritionally inadequate and should be used only for short periods; nutritional supplements can be added to improve adequacy.

Therapeutic diets

Modifications of the normal diet to improve specific health conditions, prescribed by a physician and planned by a dietitian, often changing nutrients, caloric content, and/or texture.

Low residue therapeutic diet

A diet that limits indigestible materials to decrease bowel movement size and frequency, managing painful symptoms.

Three most common lipids in food and the human body

Triglycerides (fats and fatty acids), phospholipids (lecithin), and sterols (cholesterol).

Osteoporosis

A bone condition where bones become porous and weak, often caused by deficiencies in calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D.

Daily water intake recommendations

Women: 11.5 cups; Men: 15.5 cups.

Calcium (Ca)

Found in milk and dairy products, it develops and maintains bones and teeth, aids in blood clotting, and supports normal heart and muscle action.

Phosphorus (P)

Found in milk, cheese, meat, poultry, fish, and nuts; it develops and maintains bones and teeth and maintains blood acid-base balance.

Magnesium (Mg)

Found in meat, seafood, nuts, and green vegetables; it is a constituent of bones and muscles and is important for muscle and nerve function.

Sodium (Na)

Found in salt, meat, fish, and milk; it is essential for fluid balance, acid-base balance, and muscle regulation.

Salt, Meat, Seafood, Dairy; fluid balance, acid base balance in blood, glucose regulation in the blood, and muscle regneration

Potassium (K)

Found in meats, milk, and fruits like bananas; it helps with fluid balance, regular heart rhythm, and proper nerve function.

Iron (Fe)

Found in liver, muscle meats, and dark leafy vegetables; it is crucial for hemoglobin formation and energy production.

Vitamin A (Retinol)

Found in liver, fatty fish, and leafy vegetables; essential for growth, eye health, and skin cell function.

Vitamin D (Calciferol)

Produced by skin when exposed to sunshine and found in fatty fish; regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption maintaining bone health.

Digestive process

The breakdown of food into smaller parts through mechanical (chewing) and chemical (enzymes from digestive juices) means for nutrient absorption.

Absorption

The process where digested nutrients are picked up by the bloodstream or lymphatic capillaries and delivered to cells.