unit 7: lQ/problem solving/personality

functional fixedness

a type of cognitive bias that involves a tendency to see objects as only working in a particular way.

flynn effect

that determined the average IQ of humans steadily increases over time

intelligence

the mental capacity to learn from experiences, adapt to new situations, understand and handle abstract concepts, and use knowledge to manipulate one's environment

g or g-factor

source of individual differences in general ability, representing an individual's capacity to perceive relationships and derive conclusions

IQ

a number used to express the relative intelligence of a person

fluid intelligence

able to think on the fly; the ability to solve novel problems, think abstractly, and reason without relying on previously acquired knowledge or experience

crystallized intelligence

the accumulated knowledge, skills, and understanding that a person has acquired throughout their life‘ wisdom

convergent thinking

only 1 answer; a cognitive process that involves focusing on finding the best possible solution to a problem by narrowing down options and evaluating them critically

divergent thinking

creativity; a thought process used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions

validity

intelligence must be this….

the extent to which a test or measurement accurately reflects the construct or concept it's intended to measure

reliability

intelligence test must also be this….

the consistency or stability of scores obtained from an intelligence test over time and across different situation

standardization

everyone is tested the same; the process of ensuring that a test is administered and scored consistently across all participants, allowing for meaningful comparisons of results

normed (percentile rank)

the percentage of individuals in a specific group (the norm group) who scored at or below a particular score on a test, providing a way to compare an individual's performance to others; percentile rank

achievement

ACT and AP exams; Measure how much you have learned in a given subject area

aptitude (predictive validity)

SAT; designed to assess an individual's potential to succeed in a certain area, even if they haven't received training or education in that field