Untitled

Natural Selection

The process where characteristics change over generations, with individuals possessing favorable traits surviving and passing on these traits.

Genetics

The study of genes and variations, determining physical and other traits.

Donald Johanson

A paleontologist who discovered the fossil of "Lucy," a human ancestor.

Bipedal

The ability to walk on two feet.

Hominid

A type of great ape including humans, chimps, gorillas, and orangutans.

Ethnography

Detailed study of a culture.

Cognitive Process

Mental operations the brain performs to process information.

Psychoanalysis

Analysis of the unconscious mind.

Inferiority Complex

Self-perfecting drive leading to feelings of inferiority when unsuccessful.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Correlation between stress levels and productivity.

Social Group

Collection of individuals with mutual features interacting and having relationships.

Social Institutions

Established patterns serving specific social functions like religions, education, and family.

Socialization

Process of acquiring knowledge, attitudes, values, and behaviors of society.

Social Deviance

Behavior or individuals going against societal norms.

Structural Functionalism

Belief that each role, relationship, norm in society serves a purpose.

Anthropology

Systematic study of humankind.

Psychology

Science of human behavior.

Sociology

Study of social groups and organizations.

Nature vs

Debate on whether behavior is influenced by genetics (nature) or environment and culture (nurture).

Social Darwinism

Application of Darwin's theories to justify superiority based on genetics.

Impact of Gender on Social Sciences

Influence of gender roles on choices in social sciences.

Charles Darwin

Theorized human evolution and natural selection, observed species adaptations.

Bipedalism

Walking on two feet, freeing hands for other tasks.

The Ape Line

Evolutionary stages from Australopithecus to Homo Sapiens.

Cultural Anthropology

Study of human cultures and societies.

Rite of Passage

Ceremony marking important life milestones.

Parts of the Brain

Functions of different brain lobes and areas.

Sigmund Freud

The three parts of the mind - Id, Ego, Superego.

The Oedipus Complex

Desire for the opposite-sex parent.

Conditioning

Pavlovian and Operant conditioning methods.

Cognitive Bias

Individual's perception of reality based on their experiences.

Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow's theory of human needs from physiological to self-actualization.

Multiple Intelligence

Howard Gardner's theory of different types of intelligence.

Criteria for Identifying Mental Disorders

Distorted perception, inappropriate behavior, danger, discomfort.

Models of Mental Health Disorders

Psychoanalytical, Behavioral, Cognitive, Biological.

Categories of Mental Disorders

Anxiety, OCD, Dissociative, Personality, Schizophrenic, Eating, Psychophysiological, Impulse Control.

Not Criminally Responsible Defence (NCRD)

Legal defense for those committing crimes under mental illness.

Mental Health Treatments

Psychotherapy, CBT, Group Therapy, ECT, Pharmaceuticals.

Conflict Theory

Karl Marx's theory of societal conflict based on power and resources.

Cohesion Theory

Emphasizes order and social harmony for societal function.

Symbolic Interactionism

Focuses on how individuals interpret symbols and interact based on shared meanings.

Agents of Socialization

Religion and Family as influences on beliefs, morals, and relationships.

Aggressive Environment

Environment where children are exposed to violence and hostility, leading to a higher likelihood of displaying violent behavior.

Social Media Influence

The impact of social media and magazines on shaping an individual's self-perception and views of others, with different standards for men and women.

Socioeconomic Impact

The effects of actions like boycotting and striking on pressuring businesses or governments to change policies, and how technology and modernization can reshape economies and social interactions.

Key Figures in Psychology and Anthropology:

undefined

Known for genetic discoveries using pea plants.

Louis Leaky

Founder of Leaky’s Angels, established proof in human evolution.

undefined

"Father of modern anthropology," applied scientific method to anthropology.

undefined

Developed the Myers-Briggs personality test.

undefined

Demonstrated importance of love and comfort with newborn monkeys.

undefined

Creator of the hierarchy of needs.

undefined

Conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment.

undefined

Conducted the Milgram Experiment on obedience.

undefined

Conducted Pavlov's Dog Experiment, known for conditioning.

undefined

Identified 4 basic temperaments of humankind with the Keirsey Temperament Sorter.

Skinner

Studied learning with positive and negative reinforcement using rats.

undefined

Developed functionalism theory, viewing society as an interconnected system.

undefined

Author of the communist manifesto, developed communism and conflict theory.