Honors Bio Cell Membrane Quiz Study Guide

Fluid Mosaic Model

how scientists describe what the cell membrane looks and functions like,

Cholesterol is also a key determinant of membrane fluidity

provide structure and support to the membrane

Structure of Cell Membrane

a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable

structure of a phospholipid

a polar phosphate head group and two nonpolar fatty acid tails joined by a glycerol backbone (tails hate water head loves it)

phospholipid bilayer

made of two layers of phospholipids. Each phospholipid has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. The two layers are arranged so that the tails face inward and the hydrophilic heads face outward toward the extracellular environment or the intracellular cytoplasm

Selective Permeability

some substances are able to pass through the membrane, while other substances are not able to pass through

passive transport

substances simply move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, which does not require the input of energy

types of passive transport

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, filtration, and/or osmosis.

active transport

the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient.

active transport types

ion pumps, exocytosis and endocytosis.

isotonic

wilting for plants and normal for animals

no change - equal amount of water in and out

hypotonic

animal cell will burst and normal for plants

water outside → goes inside

hypertonic

plasmolysis (kind of dies) for plants and animal is shriveled cell

water inside → goes outside

Diffusion

Diffusion refers to the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Osmosis

Osmosis is a type of diffusion specifically for water molecules moving across a semi-permeable membrane.

Osmosis contrast to diffusion

Osmosis can only function in a liquid medium, but diffusion can occur in all three mediums (solid, liquid and gas).

Active transport

against gradient, energy required

Passive transport

no energy required, moves with gradient

passive and active contrast

active - energy + against

passive - no energy + with

Phagocytosis

engulf and destroy foreign substances, such as bacteria, and remove dead cells

Pinocytosis

a process by which the cell takes in the fluids along with dissolved small molecules

Glycolipid

consist of a lipid molecule with a carbohydrate attached

glycoprotein

simply proteins with a sugar attached to them

red blood cell 1

hypotonic red blood cell

red blood cell 2

isotonic red blood cell

red blood cell 3

hypertonic red blood cell

plant cell 1 turgid

normal for plants ;

plant cell 2 flaccid

wilting for plants ;

plant cell 3 plasmolysis

, lose turgor pressure

Why is the water going up?

Less concentration on the right so water goes to the right and goes up

purple long tubes at top

ana-hypholic fatty acid tails

green fern things

fivers of ELM

green things (hexegon)

carbohydrates

purple potatoe in half

transport proteins (trans intergal protein)

small cirlcular purple potatoe in half

perphial proteins

straight green hexagon

gylco lipid

white egg layer

extracellular side of membrane

orange hexagons

cholesteral

bottom layer of eggs

cytoplasmic side of membrane

orange cords at bottom

figments of cytoskeleton