chem exam 2

What is the prefix kilo?

kilo

What is the symbol for kilo?

k

What is the scientific notation conversion factor for kilo?

10^3 = 1,000

What is the prefix centi?

centi

What is the symbol for centi?

c

What is the scientific notation conversion factor for centi?

10^-2 = 0.01

What is the prefix milli?

milli

What is the symbol for milli?

m

What is the scientific notation conversion factor for milli?

10^-3 = 0.001

What is the prefix micro?

micro

What is the symbol for micro?

μ

What is the scientific notation conversion factor for micro?

10^-6 = 0.000001

What is the prefix nano?

nano

What is the symbol for nano?

n

What is the scientific notation conversion factor for nano?

10^-9 = 0.000000001

Which family is in Group 1A?

Alkali metals.

How many valence electrons do alkali metals have?

1 valence electron.

What ion charge do alkali metals form?

+1.

What are the main properties of alkali metals?

Very reactive, soft metals, react vigorously with water.

Which family is in Group 2A?

Alkaline earth metals.

How many valence electrons do alkaline earth metals have?

2 valence electrons.

What ion charge do alkaline earth metals form?

+2.

What are the main properties of alkaline earth metals?

Reactive metals, harder and denser than alkali metals.

Where are the transition metals located?

Groups 3-12 in the center of the periodic table.

What are the main properties of transition metals?

Good conductors, multiple oxidation states, often form colored compounds.

Where are the other metals located?

Left of the metalloids in the p-block.

What are the main properties of other metals?

Malleable, conductive, softer than transition metals.

Where are the metalloids located?

Along the zigzag staircase on the periodic table.

What are the main properties of metalloids?

Properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals; semiconductors.

Where are the nonmetals located?

Upper right side of the periodic table.

What are the main properties of nonmetals?

Poor conductors, brittle as solids, many are gases.

Which family is in Group 7A?

Halogens.

How many valence electrons do halogens have?

7 valence electrons.

What ion charge do halogens form?

−1.

What are the main properties of halogens?

Highly reactive nonmetals that readily gain one electron.

Which family is in Group 8A?

Noble gases (inert gases).

How many valence electrons do noble gases have?

8 valence electrons (except He has 2).

What ion charge do noble gases usually form?

0.

What are the main properties of noble gases?

Very unreactive and stable.

Where are the lanthanides located?

Top row of the f-block.

What are the main properties of lanthanides?

Shiny, reactive metals known as rare earth elements.

Where are the actinides located?

Bottom row of the f-block.

What are the main properties of actinides?

Most are radioactive metals.

How many valence electrons do Group 1A elements have?

1

How many valence electrons do Group 2A elements have?

2

How many valence electrons do Group 3A elements have?

3

How many valence electrons do Group 4A elements have?

4

How many valence electrons do Group 5A elements have?

5

How many valence electrons do Group 6A elements have?

6

How many valence electrons do Group 7A elements have?

7

How many valence electrons do Group 8A elements have?

8 (except He has 2)

What ion charge does Group 1A form?

+1

What ion charge does Group 2A form?

+2

What ion charge does Group 3A form?

+3

What ion charge does Group 4A usually form?

±4 (less common)

What ion charge does Group 5A usually form?

−3

What ion charge does Group 6A usually form?

−2

What ion charge does Group 7A usually form?

−1

What ion charge does Group 8A usually form?

0

As wavelength decreases, what happens to frequency?

Frequency increases.

As wavelength decreases, what happens to energy?

Energy increases.

As frequency increases, what happens to energy?

Energy increases.

Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength and highest energy?

Gamma rays.

Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength and lowest energy?

Radio waves.

What relationship exists between wavelength and frequency?

They are inversely proportional.

What relationship exists between frequency and energy?

They are directly proportional.

What block contains elements whose valence electrons are filling an s orbital?

s-block.

What block contains elements whose valence electrons are filling a p orbital?

p-block.

What block contains elements whose valence electrons are filling a d orbital?

d-block.

What block contains elements whose valence electrons are filling an f orbital?

f-block.

Which groups make up the s-block?

Groups 1A and 2A plus helium.

Which groups make up the p-block?

Groups 3A through 8A.

Which groups make up the d-block?

Transition metals (Groups 3-12).

Which rows make up the f-block?

Lanthanides and actinides.

For s and p blocks, what is n equal to?

n = period number.

For the d-block, what is n equal to?

n = period number − 1.

For the f-block, what is n equal to?

n = period number − 2.