Age of Revolutions - World History

King Louis XVI

The king of France before the revolution who wanted to raise taxes to pay debts.

The First Estate

The clergy (Priests and Bishops). They paid no tax.

The Second Estate

The nobles of France. They were rich, landowners and paid no tax.

The Third Estate

Made up from all the workers in France; from merchants to poor farmers.

National Assembly

Group set up by the Third Estate at the Estates General because they thought they were being treated unfairly, and wanted more votes.

Bastille

Prison in Paris captured by the gangs in Paris angry at the King. Took place on 14th June 1789- this date is still celebrated in France every year.

Republic

A type of government with no King or Queen. e.g. Ireland.

Guillotine

Machine widely used during The Reign of Terror to execute people.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Army general who eventually became emperor of France after the Revolution.

Latin America

Areas south of the United States: Mexico, Central America, the West Indies (Caribbean), and South America.

peninsulares

Spanish-born people (born in Spain), who came to Latin America to live and rule. They were the highest social class.

creoles

People who had Spanish or Portuguese parents but were born in Latin America.

Simon Bolivar

1783-1830, Venezuelan nobility: leader of revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule. Known as the "Liberator".

Haiti

A French colony on Hispainola which had a slave revolution (1794) to gain independence. The revolution was led by Toussaint L'Ouverture.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

A former slave in Saint-Domingue who started a revolution to overthrow the French colonial rule. The former slaves fought for 10 years for independence and then created Haiti.

revolution

An attempt to overthrow the existing political structure and put another type of government in its place.

Colony

A territory owned and run by another country.

No Taxation without Representation

Slogan shouted by Americans angry at the British as they had to pay tax but had no say in how the country was run.

George Washington

Commander of the American Continental Army and first president of the USA.

Declaration of Independence

Document in which the Americans set out their beliefs and aims for independence.

what were the primary causes of the French Revolution

enlightenment ideas,
American revolution,
Old regime,
privileges of the 1st and 2nd estates,
financial crisis( impeding bankruptcy)

why did king Louis XVI call for a meeting of the Estates general in 1789

he wanted to agree on new taxes to be applied to the first and second estates

what was the significance of the tennis court oath

instead of the 3rd estate leaving they promised to write the constitution for france first

what was the storming of bastille and its significance

bastille was a prison
it symbolizes the institution of the monarchy:
huge mobs surrounded it and took over to free the prisoners
THEY STOLE WEAPONS

what was the significance of the declaration of the rights of man and citizen

it stayed that all people were equal before the law
GRANTED FREEDOM OF SPEECH,RELIGION, PRESS, AND SPEECH
protected them against arbitrary imprisonment and arrest

what happened to Louis XVI during the republic

tried, convicted and beheaded for treason by radicals

what was the reign of terror

when they hunted down traitors and corner revolutionaries and turned them over the revolutionary tribunal

who led the reign of terror

Radicals
Robespierre

how does the reign of terror end

when robespierre is sent to guillotine

Bismarck

(1815-1898) Prussian chancellor who engineered the unification of Germany under his rule. Delivers "blood and iron" speech.

Realpolitik

realistic politics based on the needs of the state

Franco-Prussian War

This was a major war between the French and the Germans in 1871 that brought about the unification of Germany. It was caused by Otto Von Bismarck altering a telegram from the Prussian King to provoke the French into attacking Prussia, thus hoping to get the independent German states to unify with Prussia (which they did, thus creating Germany).

Charles I of England

English King during the English Civil War is executed by Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell

Led the parliamentarians (Roundheads) in the English Civil War

William and Mary

These people were the king and queen of England after the Glorious Revolution that recognized the supremacy of the English Parliament

Louverture, Toussaint

First leader of the Haitian Revolution, a former slave (1743-1803) who wrote the first constitution of Haiti and served as the first governor of the newly independent state.

Bolivar

Led revolutions all over Latin America

Giuseppe Garibaldi

United Southern Italy

Count Cavour

Unified Northern Italy

Glorious Revolution

A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.

English Civil War

civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I