History of Nursing Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key figures, dates, legislation, reports, and milestones in the history of nursing from early Christianity through modern expanded roles.

What were the primary role and background of deaconesses in early Christianity?

They were often Roman matrons or widows who visited and cared for the sick in their homes.

What was the British soldier mortality rate during the Crimean War in 1854 before Florence Nightingale's intervention?

$$41\%$$

What nursing institution did Florence Nightingale establish upon returning home to England?

The Nightingale School of Nursing at St. Thomas Hospital.

Which two Civil War figures were highlighted in the lecture for providing care to soldiers?

Clara Barton, who became the first President of the Red Cross, and Harriet Tubman, an escaped slave who nursed soldiers using herbs and remedies.

Who was Dr. Samuel Gross and what action did he take in 1868?

He was the president of the American Medical Association and strongly endorsed the formation of training schools for nurses.

What was the very first permanent school of nursing established in the United States in 1872?

The Woman's Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

What early milestones are associated with Linda Richards and Mary Mahoney?

Linda Richards was the first graduate of an early U.S. nursing training program, and Mary Mahoney was the first African American graduate.

Who established the Henry Street Settlement House to provide home care and social services to underserved immigrants in New York?

Lillian Wald.

What concern was revealed regarding practicing nurses at the 1893 World Fair in Chicago?

Only one-tenth ($10\%$) of practicing nurses in the U.S. had actually graduated from an official nursing school.

What organization was founded in 1896 to achieve licensure for nurses, and what is its modern name?

The Nurses Associated Alumni of the US and Canada, which later became the American Nurses Association (ANA).

What organization was created in 1893 to elevate standards of nursing education, and what is its modern name?

The American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses, which later became the National League for Nursing (NLN).

Which state passed the first Nurse Licensure Act in 1903, creating the title of registered nurse?

North Carolina.

What shift modification did the ANA propose during the Great Depression, and what was the goal?

Moving from 12-hour shifts to 8-hour shifts to allow more unemployed nurses to get hired.

Who was appointed Director of Nursing Services for the American Red Cross in 1914 to recruit military nurses?

Jane Delano.

What program was created by the Bolton Act around 1942 to rapidly train nurses during World War II?

The U.S. Cadet Nurse Corps.

What were the key recommendations of the 1923 Goldmark Report?

It recommended establishing educational standards for nursing and moving nursing schools into universities rather than hospital settings.

What did Esther Brown recommend in her 1948 report, 'The Future of Nursing'?

She advocated for nursing schools to be autonomous from hospitals, recruit highly educated faculty, select suitable clinical sites, and accept married women and men into nursing.

Why was the Associate Degree Nursing (ADN) program initially started after World War II?

It was launched on a trial basis to rapidly produce competent bedside nurses through a 2-year program to alleviate an acute nursing shortage.

Where and when was the title of Nurse Practitioner first used?

In the 1960s during a demonstration project at the University of Colorado to prepare nurses to deliver well-child and ambulatory care.

Which organization funded 13 universities in the 1950s to create graduate programs in nursing administration?

The W. K. Kellogg Foundation.