HCISTFAD

Particle Nature of Matter

The concept that matter is made up of small particles which are in constant motion.

Phase Change

The transition of matter from one state to another, such as solid to liquid or liquid to gas.

Evaporation

The process in which liquid water turns into vapor, or gas.

Condensation

The process by which gas turns into a liquid when it cools.

Sublimation

The transition of a substance from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state.

Molecule

A group of atoms bonded together representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.

Odor Particles

Molecules that are released into the air and can be detected by the sense of smell.

Heating

The application of thermal energy to material, which increases the movement of its particles.

Cooling

The removal of thermal energy from a material, which decreases the movement of its particles.

Mass

The amount of matter in an object, usually measured in grams or kilograms.

Volume

The amount of space that a substance occupies, commonly measured in liters or milliliters.

Natural Gas

A fossil fuel used as a source of energy, which is naturally odorless but is treated to contain a detectable scent.

Density

The mass per unit volume of a substance, affecting how substances layer in mixtures.

Thermal Energy

The total kinetic energy of particles in a substance, which influences its temperature.

Scientific Principle

A statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes an aspect of the universe.

Model

A representation used to explain phenomena or concepts in science.

Properties of a Substance

Characteristics used to describe matter, such as color, odor, and melting point.

Solid

A state of matter characterized by closely packed particles that do not move freely.

Liquid

A state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape, where particles are close together but can flow.

Gas

A state of matter without a definite shape or volume, where particles are far apart and move freely.

Plasma

A state of matter composed of charged particles with no defined shape or volume, found in stars.

Melting

The process of a solid turning into a liquid when thermal energy is added.

Freezing

The process of a liquid turning into a solid when thermal energy is removed.

Boiling

The process of a liquid turning into vapor when it reaches its boiling point.

Condensation Point

The temperature at which a gas changes into a liquid.

Triple Point

The unique set of conditions at which all three phases of matter coexist in equilibrium.

Buoyancy

The ability of an object to float in a fluid, determined by density differences.

Diffusion

The process by which particles spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Saturation

A state when a solution can no longer dissolve any more solute at a given temperature.

Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, typically expressed in grams per liter.

Phase Diagram

A graphical representation showing the phase changes of a substance based on temperature and pressure.

Chemical Change

A transformation that alters the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in new substances.

Physical Change

A change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance without altering its chemical composition.

Thermal Expansion

The increase in volume of a substance as it is heated due to increased particle movement.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A theory that explains the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion.