Untitled Flashcards Set

Sensory Input

The function of the nervous system that involves gathering information from sensory receptors.

Integration

The processing of information by the nervous system to determine responses.

Motor Output

The response of the nervous system to stimuli, often resulting in movement.

Homeostasis

The process by which the nervous system regulates body functions such as heart rate and temperature.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Includes all the nerves outside the CNS that connect it to the rest of the body.

Sympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Parasympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system that promotes 'rest and digest' functions.

Neuroglia

Support cells in the nervous system that nourish, protect, and assist neurons.

Astrocytes

CNS neuroglia that maintain the blood-brain barrier and provide structural support.

Oligodendrocytes

CNS neuroglia that produce myelin to insulate CNS neurons.

Microglia

CNS immune cells that remove waste and pathogens.

Ependymal Cells

CNS cells that line brain ventricles and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Schwann Cells

PNS neuroglia that produce myelin for PNS neurons.

Satellite Cells

PNS neuroglia that support and protect neuron cell bodies in ganglia.

Myelin Sheath

Insulating layer around axons that increases the speed of electrical signal transmission.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons.

Synapse

The gap between two neurons where signal transmission occurs.

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters that increase the likelihood of an action potential.

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters that decrease the likelihood of an action potential.