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20 Terms

1

Sensory Input

The function of the nervous system that involves gathering information from sensory receptors.

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2

Integration

The processing of information by the nervous system to determine responses.

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3

Motor Output

The response of the nervous system to stimuli, often resulting in movement.

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4

Homeostasis

The process by which the nervous system regulates body functions such as heart rate and temperature.

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5

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

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6

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Includes all the nerves outside the CNS that connect it to the rest of the body.

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7

Sympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

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8

Parasympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system that promotes 'rest and digest' functions.

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9

Neuroglia

Support cells in the nervous system that nourish, protect, and assist neurons.

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10

Astrocytes

CNS neuroglia that maintain the blood-brain barrier and provide structural support.

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11

Oligodendrocytes

CNS neuroglia that produce myelin to insulate CNS neurons.

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12

Microglia

CNS immune cells that remove waste and pathogens.

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13

Ependymal Cells

CNS cells that line brain ventricles and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

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14

Schwann Cells

PNS neuroglia that produce myelin for PNS neurons.

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15

Satellite Cells

PNS neuroglia that support and protect neuron cell bodies in ganglia.

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16

Myelin Sheath

Insulating layer around axons that increases the speed of electrical signal transmission.

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17

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons.

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18

Synapse

The gap between two neurons where signal transmission occurs.

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19

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters that increase the likelihood of an action potential.

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20

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters that decrease the likelihood of an action potential.

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