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U1, L6 A&P232
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24 Terms
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1
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The spinal cord is a part of CNS enclosed within the vertebral column. It extends from
the foramen magnum to L1
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the spinal cord provides
two‐way communication to and from the brain
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The spinal cord is protected by
bone, meninges, and CSF.
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Cervical and lumbar enlargements are
the sites where the nerves serving the upper and lower limbs emerge
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Conus medularis
a terminal portion of the spinal cord.
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cauda equina
the collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal
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Filum terminale
* the fibrous extension of the pia mater
* it anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx
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The segments of the spinal cord are
* Cervical (neck and arms): 8 pairs of nerves, C1‐8
* Thoracic (arms, upper/mid back): 12 pairs of nerves, T1‐12
* Lumbar (lower back, legs): 5 pairs of nerves, L1‐5
* Sacrum (buttock area, legs): 5 pairs of nerves S1‐5
* Coccygeal nerve: 1 pair
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A dermatome is the area supplied by the fibers of
the same spinal nerve.
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Spinal nerves are part of
the peripheral nervous system, not the CNS.
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31 pairs of spinal nerves are attached to the cord by
paired roots
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Dorsal roots contain
sensory neurons and ganglia
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ventral roots carry
the axons of motor neurons.
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Dorsal and ventral roots fuse
laterally to form spinal nerves.
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Gray matter in a shape of a butterfly surrounds the small central canal. It consists of
* soma (neuron bodies)
* unmyelinated processes
* neuroglia.
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Posterior (dorsal) horns contain
* interneurons that receive sensory input.
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Anterior (ventral) horns carry
* interneurons and somatic motor neurons
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Lateral horns contain
sympathetic nerve fibers
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Four zones are evident within the gray matter:
* somatic sensory (SS)
* visceral sensory (VS)
* visceral motor (VM)
* somatic motor (SM)
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White matter in the spinal cord surrounds the gray matter. It contains fibers (axons) that run in three directions
* ascending
* descending
* transversely
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White matter is divided into three columns
* posterior
* lateral
* anterior
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Each column contains several fiber tracts. Fiber tract names reveal
* their origin and destination
* They are composed of axons with similar functions.
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The ascending tracts carry impulses
* to the brain
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The descending tracts carry impulses
* from the brain.