Acids and Bases Definition and Vinegar Titrations

Standard solution

A solution who’s concentration is accurately known

Primary standard

A substance that can be directly weighed and used to make a standard solution it must be:

• Be available in a pure and solid stable state

• Be soluble in water

• Have a high molecular mass

• Be anhydrous (no water or crystallisation)

Examples of primary standards

NacCO3

NACL

Equipment used in a titration 

• Pipette (used to accurately measure a known volume of liquid)

• Burette ( used to accurately measure the volume of liquid/ solution added 

• Conical flask - A special shaped flask that allows swirling without spilling the contents 

• Volumetric flask - A special shaped flask that holds a calibrated volume 

pipette procedure

• rinse with deionised water

• Rinse with the solution it will contain (this is done to remove the water used while rinsing to avoid diluting the solution

• Using a pipette filler fill the pipette with the solution until the bottom of of the meniscus reaches the callibration mark when read at eye level

• Let the pipette drain under gravity, touch the tip of the pipette against the container to remove the last drop

Burette procedure

• Rinse with deionised water

• Rinse it with the solution it will contain ( This is done to remove the water so the solution in the burette doesn’t get diluted

advantage of diluting vinegr in the experiemtn

• smaller percentage of error

• more accurate volume

• decrease concetration of naoh

why remove beaker

to remove any residual matter from interfering with the resolts of the expierment

identify a primary standard to neutralise hydrichloric acid

anhydrous sodium bicarbonate

identify suitable