Civil War Study Guide
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134 Terms
Who was the President of the U.S. during the Civil War?
Abraham Lincoln
What role did Abraham Lincoln serve in the Union Army during the Civil War?
Commander in Chief
What significant document did Abraham Lincoln issue to free enslaved people?
Emancipation Proclamation
Which amendment helped bring an end to slavery in the United States?
13th Amendment
Who was the President of the Confederate States of America?
Jefferson Davis
Which side did Jefferson Davis represent during the Civil War?
The South
Who did Jefferson Davis appoint as the top commander of the Confederate Army?
Robert E. Lee
Who was the top commander of the Confederacy?
Robert E. Lee
What did Robert E. Lee represent?
Southern needs
Which battle did Robert E. Lee win?
Battle of Chancellorsville
To whom did Robert E. Lee surrender to end the Civil War?
Ulysses S. Grant
Who was the top commander of the Union during the Civil War?
Ulysses S. Grant
Who was praised by Lincoln for never quitting?
Ulysses S. Grant
What significant military achievement did Ulysses S. Grant accomplish during the Siege of Vicksburg?
Captured the Mississippi River
Who was William H. Seward?
Secretary of State
What role did William H. Seward play after the Trent Affair?
He helped smooth over tensions with Britain.
What was one of William H. Seward's achievements during the Civil War?
He kept Britain out of the war on the side of the Confederates.
Who was Robert E. Lee's right hand man?
Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson
Why was Stonewall Jackson important to Robert E. Lee?
Huge proponent in winning Battle of Bull Run/Chancellorsville
How does Stonewall Jackson die?
Shot by his own men, loses his arm, eventually dies of Pneumonia
What military strategy is William T. Sherman known for?
Total War
Who was one of Ulysses S. Grant's top generals?
William T. Sherman
What is the name of the campaign led by William T. Sherman that traveled from Georgia through the Carolinas?
Sherman's March to the Sea
What was a key characteristic of Sherman's March?
Destroyed anything in sight and waged a war of terror
John Wilkes Booth
Man that assassinated President Lincoln at Ford's Theater
Who was the general for northern command of the Army of the Potomac in 1861?
George B. McClellan
Why did George B. McClellan get fired by Lincoln?
McClellan was fired for being too cautious with his soldiers (trained 120,000 men, asked for 270,000 then complained wasn't enough bridges for an orderly retreat)
What was the significance and outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg?
It was the turning point of the Civil War. The Union won, and the Confederacy was devastated with losses.
How long did the Battle of Gettysburg last?
It was a 3-day battle.
What was the strategic consequence for the Confederacy after the Battle of Gettysburg?
The Confederates would never go north again.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Chancellorsville?
Confederate victory over the Union
What effect did the Battle of Chancellorsville have on the Confederates?
It gave the Confederates momentum to charge north
What significant battle did the Battle of Chancellorsville lead to?
The Battle of Gettysburg
Who was shot due to friendly fire after the Battle of Chancellorsville?
Stonewall Jackson
How long did the Siege of Vicksburg last?
47 days
Who led the siege of Vicksburg?
Ulysses S. Grant
What was the main goal of the Siege of Vicksburg?
To secure control of the Mississippi River
What strategy was successful through the Siege of Vicksburg?
The Anaconda Plan
What was Cotton Diplomacy?
Confederate attempts to gain Britain as an ally through their use of cotton.
Did Cotton Diplomacy succeed?
No, it did not work.
Where else could Britain obtain cotton during the Civil War?
From Egypt and India.
What is Total War?
Warfare that has zero restrictions
What tactics does Total War use to achieve victory?
Will try to use fear and terror
Who is a notable figure associated with Total War?
William Tecumseh Sherman
What is the first part of the Anaconda Plan?
Blockade southern ports
What was the goal of the blockade in the Anaconda Plan?
To cripple imports and exports by preventing anything from getting in or out
Was the blockade of southern ports in the Anaconda Plan successful?
Yes
What is the second part of the Anaconda Plan?
Control the Mississippi River
What does controlling the Mississippi River do in the context of the Anaconda Plan?
Splits the Confederacy in half and controls the supply line, trade, and resources
Was the control of the Mississippi River in the Anaconda Plan successful?
Yes
What is the third part of the Anaconda Plan?
Take the capital of Richmond, Virginia
Was the attempt to take Richmond, Virginia in the Anaconda Plan successful?
Yes
Emancipation Proclamation
Issued by Lincoln: Stated that all slaves in Confederate states were free
What was the Trent Affair?
A diplomatic incident during the Civil War involving the interception of a British ship carrying Confederate diplomats.
Who were the key figures involved in the Trent Affair?
Two Confederate diplomats. James Mason and John Slidell
What was the goal of the Confederate diplomats in the Trent Affair?
To gain British allies for the war.
What action did the Union take during the Trent Affair?
The Union intercepted the British ship and arrested the Confederate diplomats.
How did Britain respond to the Trent Affair?
Britain was angered by the interception of the ship.
What was the outcome of the Trent Affair for the U.S.?
The U.S. eventually released the two prisoners to smooth over tensions with Britain.
What is the National Bank Act?
A new national banking system that was established post-war.
What was the purpose of the National Bank Act?
To help establish a new system to assist the U.S. with debt.
Who delivered the Gettysburg Address?
Abraham Lincoln
What event prompted the Gettysburg Address?
The Battle of Gettysburg
What was the purpose of the Gettysburg Address?
To commemorate those who had died
What was one effect of the Gettysburg Address?
It served as a motivator for people to keep fighting
What was the first major land battle of the Civil War?
Battle of Bull Run
What illusion did the Battle of Bull Run shatter?
The illusion of a short, easy war.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Bull Run?
A chaotic Union retreat and a surprising Confederate victory.
What was the bloodiest single day in American history?
Battle of Antietam (about 23,000 casualties/deserters)
What did the Battle of Antietam stop?
Robert E. Lee's first invasion of the North
What significant action did Lincoln take after the Battle of Antietam?
Issued the Emancipation Proclamation
What was the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation?
Shifted the war's focus to ending slavery
Who surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to Ulysses S. Grant?
General Robert E. Lee
What event effectively ended the Civil War?
The surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House
What lenient terms did Grant offer to the Confederates at Appomattox Court House?
Confederates could keep their horses and return home; officers kept sidearms.
What two ships fought in the Battle of the Ironclads?
USS Monitor (Union) and CSS Virginia (Confederate)
What was significant about the Battle of the Ironclads?
It was the first battle between ironclad warships.
What did the Battle of the Ironclads mark the end of?
The use of wooden warships in naval warfare.
What must the government do under Habeas Corpus?
The government must explain why someone is being held in jail.
What right does a person have under Habeas Corpus?
A person has the right to go before a judge and challenge their arrest or detention.
Advantages of the North
Factories, Population, Farming, Political leader, Money, Transportation.
Disadvantages of the North
Weaker military tradition/experience, Fighting a war in the South.
Advantages of the South
Strong military tradition/experience, Defensive strategy, Cotton for trade, Unity of a cause, also fought with home-field advantage
Disadvantages of the South
Less money than the North, Smaller population, No foreign relations, Resistance to a stronger national government meant to win a war.
What was one effect of the war on Northern industries?
Northern industries grew rapidly to meet war demands.
How did the war affect the economy in the North?
War contracts stimulated the economy and wealth shifted toward industrial capitalists.
What change occurred in federal power as a result of the war?
The government gained more control over the economy, military, and taxes.
What financial system was created during the war?
A national banking system was created to stabilize currency and modernize the financial system.
How many Union soldiers died as a result of the war?
Over 350,000 Union soldiers died.
Who filled factory jobs while men went to war?
Immigrants and women filled factory jobs.
What significant amendment was passed that affected slavery?
The 13th Amendment cemented the end of slavery nationwide.
What infrastructure development occurred in the North due to the war?
Railroads expanded to support the war effort and later economic development.
What was a major effect of the war on Southern cities and infrastructure?
Massive destruction: Cities, farms, railroads, and infrastructure were devastated, especially due to Sherman's March and total war strategy.
What happened to the Southern economy after the war?
Economic collapse: The South's economy was destroyed; no more slave labor and Confederate money became worthless.
What was the impact of the war on the labor system in the South?
Loss of labor system: The planter class lost their workforce, land, and political dominance.
How many Confederate soldiers died during the war?
Over 250,000 Confederate soldiers died.
What political changes occurred in the South after the war?
Political upheaval: The Confederacy was gone; Southern states were placed under military occupation during Reconstruction.
What social changes occurred for former enslaved people after the war?
Social transformation: Former enslaved people sought land, education, and freedom.
What ideology emerged in the South to frame the Confederacy's defeat?
The 'Lost Cause' ideology emerged to frame the Confederacy's defeat in a more romantic, heroic light.
Union State
Maine