Hart en bloedsomloop

Vocabulary flashcards covering open, closed, single, double, fetal, and adult human circulatory systems, heart anatomy, and heart cycle phases from the lecture notes.

Open circulatiesysteem

A circulatory system found in insects where a dorsal blood vessel (hartbuis) pumps blood lacking blood cells to the head, after which the blood flows through the body cavity and directly bathes organs and tissues.

Hartbuis

The dorsal blood vessel in insects containing muscular parts (hartkamers) that contract rhythmically to create a pumping and suction motion to move blood through openingetjes.

Tracheeën

Air-filled, reinforced tubes in insects used directly for absorbing $O_2$, as insect blood does not participate in $O_2$ transport.

Gesloten bloedsomloop

A circulatory system in which blood remains continuously enclosed inside blood vessels throughout its path.

Enkele bloedsomloop

A circulatory system found in fish where blood passes through the heart once per complete circuit, flowing from a single atrium and ventricle to the kieuwen to pick up $O_2$, then to the body tissues, and back to the heart.

Dubbele bloedsomloop

A circulatory system found in amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals where blood flows through the heart twice per complete circuit (via the kleine bloedsomloop and grote bloedsomloop).

Kleine bloedsomloop

The pulmonary circulation where $O_2$-poor blood is pumped from the right ventricle through longslagaders to the longen to pick up $O_2$ and release $CO_2$, returning as $O_2$-rich blood via longaders to the left atrium.

Grote bloedsomloop

The systemic circulation where $O_2$-rich blood is pumped from the left ventricle via the aorta to organs and limbs, and returns as $O_2$-poor blood via the holle aders to the right atrium.

Aorta

The main systemic artery that transports $O_2$-rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart out to the body's organs and tissues.

Kransslagader

The very first branch originating from the aorta, responsible for delivering $O_2$-rich blood directly to the heart muscle itself.

Bovenste holle ader

The large vein that collects $O_2$-poor blood returning from the head and arms and empties it into the right atrium of the heart.

Onderste holle ader

The large vein that collects $O_2$-poor blood returning from the chest and lower body parts and empties it into the right atrium of the heart.

Haarvaten

Microscopic capillaries in tissues where exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and other substances occurs between the blood and tissue cells.

Diastole

The relaxation phase of the heart cycle during which both the atria and ventricles are relaxed, allowing blood from the veins to flow through the atria into the ventricles.

Boezemsystole

The phase of the cardiac cycle where both atria contract simultaneously to press their blood into the ventricles.

Kamersystole

The phase of the cardiac cycle where both ventricles contract, increasing blood pressure to close the hartkleppen and open the slagaderkleppen, forcing blood into the longslagader and aorta.

Hartkleppen

Valves located between the atria and ventricles that close during kamersystole due to rising blood pressure, preventing blood from flowing back into the atria.

Slagaderkleppen

Valves (longslagaderklep and aortaklep) located at the entrance of the longslagader and aorta that close when the ventricles relax, preventing blood from flowing back into the ventricles.

Harttonen

The two distinct sounds heard per heartbeat with a stethoscope: the first tone is produced by the closing of the hartkleppen, and the second tone by the closing of the slagaderkleppen.

Cardiotraining

Physical exercise that varies the heart rate, causing the heart muscle to increase in thickness and pumping strength when performed regularly.

Navelstrengader

The fetal blood vessel that transports $O_2$-rich and nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the unborn baby.

Navelstrengslagaders

Blood vessels that transport blood from the unborn baby back to the placenta.

Foramen ovale

An opening in the interatrial septum of an unborn baby's heart connecting the right atrium to the left atrium, allowing approximately two-thirds of the blood to bypass the lungs.

Ductus Botalli

A temporary blood vessel in an unborn baby connecting the longslagader directly to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the non-functional lungs.