Excel Functions and Business Information Systems Review

Relative Cell References

Change when formulas are copied to new cells.

Absolute Cell References

Do not change when formulas are copied.

Relative Cell References

Change when formulas are copied to new cells.

Absolute Cell References

Do not change when formulas are copied.

Mixed Cell References

Partially fixed references; one part absolute.

Named Ranges

Descriptive names for cell ranges in formulas.

PivotTables

Summarize and analyze data with flexibility.

PivotCharts

Charts that update with their corresponding PivotTables.

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Process for developing information systems from start to finish.

Planning Phase

Establishes project goals and high-level plans.

Analysis Phase

Analyzes business requirements and refines project goals.

Design Phase

Describes features and operations of the system.

Row Reference

Indicates the row number in a cell address.

Column Reference

Indicates the column letter in a cell address.

Dollar Symbol ($)

Used to create absolute cell references.

Formula Copying

Process of duplicating formulas to new cells.

Cell Address

Unique identifier for a cell in a worksheet.

Function

Predefined formula that performs calculations.

Data Analysis

Process of inspecting, cleansing, and modeling data.

Screen Layouts

Visual representations of user interface designs.

Business Rules

Guidelines that dictate business operations.

Process Diagrams

Visual representations of workflows and processes.

Pseudo Code

High-level description of programming logic.

Inventory Levels

Quantities of stock available for sale.

Status Column

Reflects inventory condition as 'Low' or 'OK'.

Development phase

Transforms design documents into actual systems.

Testing phase

Combines project pieces to eliminate errors.

Implementation phase

Places system into production for user operations.

Maintenance phase

Ensures system meets business goals through updates.

Data

Raw facts describing characteristics of events or objects.

Information

Data converted into meaningful, useful context.

Structured data

Data stored in traditional formats like databases.

Unstructured data

Data not defined by a specified format.

Machine-generated data

Data created by machines without human input.

Human-generated data

Data produced by human-computer interactions.

Business intelligence

Analyzes data from multiple sources for decision-making.

Knowledge

Skills and expertise combined with information.

Systems thinking

Monitors entire system through feedback and inputs.

Management Information Systems (MIS)

Facilitates information flow for decision-making.

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

Manages information flows in supply chains.

Supply chain visibility

Enhances transparency in supply chain operations.

Total supply chain effectiveness

Maximizes profitability across supply chain activities.

Feedback

Information returned to improve system performance.

Business requirements

Specifications defined during the analysis phase.

Project pieces

Components combined during the testing phase.

Production

Operational phase where users interact with the system.

Corrections and upgrades

Changes made to maintain system relevance.

Supply chain visibility

Real-time view of supply chain activities.

Supply chain planning system

System for planning supply chain operations.

Supply chain execution system

System for executing supply chain processes.

Bullwhip effect

Demand fluctuations causing larger supply chain variances.

Porter's Competitive Forces Model

Framework analyzing competitive forces in an industry.

Supply chain management

Management of flow of goods and services.

Procurement

Acquisition of goods and services for business.

Logistics

Management of the flow of resources.

Materials management

Overseeing materials flow within an organization.

Customer relationship management (CRM)

Managing customer relationships to enhance loyalty.

CRM reporting technology

Identifies customers across various applications.

CRM analysis technologies

Segments customers into categories for analysis.

CRM predicting technologies

Predicts customer behavior and retention risks.

Operational CRM

Focuses on customer interactions and transactions.

Analytical CRM

Analyzes customer data for insights and strategies.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

Integrates all organizational departments into one system.

ERP systems

Collects and correlates data for enterprise-wide view.

ERP implementation limitations

Challenges in adapting to best practices.

Causes of ERP failure

Lack of employee involvement and training issues.

On-Premise ERP Implementation

ERP systems hosted on local servers.

Business process reengineering (BPR)

Redesigning workflows to improve efficiency.

Business process modeling

Creating detailed flow charts of processes.

As-Is process model

Current state of a business process.

To-Be process model

Future state of a redesigned process.

Spreadsheet terminology

Rows and columns form a grid for data.

Record

A row of data in a spreadsheet.

Attribute or Field

A column of data in a spreadsheet.

Formulas

Mathematical expressions producing results.

Functions

Predefined tasks performed in spreadsheets.

Excel Function

Pre-built formula for data operations.

Common Functions

Examples include SUM, COUNT, AVERAGE.

Function Argument

Values passed to a function for processing.

Cell Reference

Identifier for a specific cell in Excel.

Cell Range

Group of adjacent cells identified by corners.

Range Notation

Defined by upper left and lower right cell.

Colon in Range

Indicates inclusion of all cells between references.

Robust Formulas

Formulas that adapt to changes in data.

Constants in Formulas

Fixed values that do not change automatically.

Parameters

Values stored in cells for specific purposes.

Absolute Cell Reference

Reference that remains constant when copied.

3D Reference

References across different worksheets or workbooks.

Cell Name

Unique identifier for a cell, like A1.

Cell Address

Location of a cell in the worksheet.

Cell Reference Types

Includes relative, absolute, and mixed references.

Function Syntax

Format: FunctionName(argument1,...,argumentN).

SUM Function

Calculates the total of given numbers.

COUNT Function

Counts the number of cells with numeric entries.

AVERAGE Function

Calculates the mean of specified numbers.

MIN Function

Finds the smallest value in a range.

MAX Function

Finds the largest value in a range.

Formula Change Conditions

Change needed when data structure alters.

Absolute Cell Reference

Cell reference that does not change when copied.

Relative Cell Reference

Cell reference that adjusts based on position.

VLOOKUP

Locates data vertically in a table.

HLOOKUP

Locates data horizontally in a table.