Chemistry and Ecology Review Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about ions, the periodic table, and Bohr models.

Does Cesium gain or lose electrons when stable?

Cesium loses electrons when stable.

Does Chlorine gain or lose electrons when stable?

Chlorine gains electrons when stable.

Does Gallium gain or lose electrons when stable?

Gallium loses electrons when stable.

Does Sulfer gain or lose electrons when stable?

Sulfer gains electrons when stable.

Does Zinc gain or lose electrons when stable?

Zinc loses electrons when stable.

What do ANION and CATION mean, and how are they related to METALS and NONMETALS?

Anion refers to negatively charged ions typically formed by nonmetals, while Cation refers to positively charged ions typically formed by metals.

What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors? Give examples of both.

Biotic factors are living components of an ecosystem, while abiotic factors are non-living components. Examples of biotic factors include plants and animals. Examples of abiotic factors include sunlight and water.

Describe individual elements and groups of elements in the periodic table using the following terms: PERIOD, GROUP, FAMILY, MAIN GROUP ELEMENT, TRANSITION ELEMENT, CHALCOGEN, HALOGEN, ALKALI METAL, ALKALINE EARTH METAL, NOBLE GAS, and INERT GAS.

PERIOD refers to a row in the periodic table. GROUP and FAMILY are interchangeable terms referring to a column in the periodic table. MAIN GROUP ELEMENT refers to elements in groups IA-VIIIA. TRANSITION ELEMENT refers to elements in the d-block. CHALCOGEN refers to elements in Group VIA. HALOGEN refers to elements in Group VIIA. ALKALI METAL refers to elements in Group IA. ALKALINE EARTH METAL refers to elements in Group IIA. NOBLE GAS and INERT GAS are interchangeable terms referring to elements in Group VIIIA.

Describe the difference between electrons and valence electrons, and between electron shell and valence shell.

Electrons are all the electrons in an atom, while valence electrons are only the electrons in the outermost shell. An Electron shell refers to any energy level with electrons, while a valence shell is the outermost shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons.

What is a Lewis electron dot structure (L.E.D.S.)?

Lewis electron dot structures show the element symbol and dots representing valence electrons, drawn in pairs on the four sides of the element symbol.

Describe the difference between an ion, a neutral atom, the charge on the ion, and combining capacity.

An ion is a charged atom, while a neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons. The charge on the ion indicates the number of electrons gained or lost. Combining capacity refers to the number of chemical bonds an atom can form.

Does Argon gain or lose electrons when stable?

Argon neither loses nor gains electrons when stable.

Does Arsenic gain or lose electrons when stable?

Arsenic gains electrons when stable.

Does Barium gain or lose electrons when stable?

Barium loses electrons when stable.

Does Carbon gain or lose electrons when stable?

Carbon gains electrons when stable.

Given a periodic table and a neutral atom or ion symbol, what are the total number of subatomic particles in the atom or ion?

The atomic number is the number of protons, the atomic mass is the average mass of protons and neutrons, #p+ is the number of protons, #n0 is the number of neutrons and #e- is the number of electrons.

What are the chemical formulas for the stable ions formed by the elements in the following families? Family IA, Family IIA, Family IIIA, Family IVA, Family VA, Family VIA, Family VIIA, and Family VIIIA. And why don't you need to form stable ions for Family VIIIA?

Family IA forms +1 ions, Family IIA forms +2 ions, Family IIIA forms +3 ions, Family IVA can vary, Family VA forms -3 Ions, Family VIA forms -2 ions, Family VIIA forms -1 ions and Family VIIIA elements are stable and do not typically form ions.

Give the chemical formula or correct name of the following complex ions: Hydrogen Carbonate, Ammonium, Silicate, Hydroxide, NO31, CO3-2, Sulfate, and PO4.

Hydrogen Carbonate = HCO3, Ammonium = NH4+, Silicate = SiO3-2, Hydroxide = OH-, NO3-1 = Nitrate, CO3-2 = Carbonate, Sulfate = SO4-2, and PO4 = Phosphate

Describe the basics of the Bohr atom.

The Bohr atom consists of a nucleus with protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in specific orbits or shells.

What are the charges, locations, and masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus, neutrons have a neutral charge and are located in the nucleus, and electrons have a negative charge and are located in shells surrounding the nucleus. The mass of a proton or neutron is approximately 1 a.m.u., while the mass of an electron is approximately 1/1840 a.m.u.

Given any neutral element, how do you determine how many of each particle there are in that atom?

For any neutral element, the number of protons is equal to the atomic number, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons and the number of neutrons is typically the atomic mass minus the atomic number.