Cellular Respiration

What is cellular respiration?

The process cells use to convert glucose into ATP energy

What is the overall equation for cellular respiration?

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP

What is ATP?

The main energy molecule used by cells

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport Chain

Where does glycolysis occur?

Cytoplasm

Does glycolysis require oxygen?

No

What is produced during glycolysis?

2 ATP, NADH, and pyruvate

What is pyruvate?

A 3-carbon molecule formed from glucose during glycolysis

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

Mitochondria

What is the main purpose of the Krebs cycle?

To produce electron carriers for the ETC

What are electron carriers?

Molecules like NADH and FADH₂ that carry electrons

Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?

Inner membrane of the mitochondria

What is the function of the Electron Transport Chain?

To produce most of the ATP

What role does oxygen play in the ETC?

It is the final electron acceptor

What enzyme makes ATP in the ETC?

ATP synthase

What happens if oxygen is not present?

Anaerobic respiration occurs

What is anaerobic respiration?

The production of ATP without oxygen

What is fermentation?

A process that allows glycolysis to continue without oxygen

What type of fermentation occurs in human muscles?

Lactic acid fermentation

What causes muscle burning during intense exercise?

Lactic acid buildup

What is photosynthesis?

The process plants use to make glucose using light energy

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Chloroplasts

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide + Water + Light → Glucose + Oxygen

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

The products of one are the reactants of the other

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts came from bacteria

What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?

They have their own DNA and double membranes

What are stomata?

Tiny openings in leaves for gas exchange

What do guard cells do?

They open and close the stomata

What is transpiration?

The loss of water vapor through stomata