History of Health Care in Ancient Times to the 19th Century (Video Notes)
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Flashcards covering key milestones, figures, and concepts in the History of Health Care from Ancient Times through the 19th century, as presented in the video notes.
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41 Terms
Who is known as the Father of Medicine and what are his key contributions?
Hippocrates (460–377 BC); organized method to observe the human body, recorded signs and symptoms, and created the Hippocratic Oath.
What theory did Claudius Galen promote about illness?
The four humors theory: illness results from imbalance of blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile.
Which ancient thinker is considered the founder of comparative anatomy for dissecting animals?
Aristotle (384–322 BC).
What is trepanation (trephining)?
A surgical procedure that bored a hole in the skull to treat insanity, epilepsy, and headaches.
Which civilization created early public health systems like aqueducts and sewers?
Ancient Romans (public health infrastructure including aqueducts and sewers).
What was the approximate average life span in ancient Rome?
About 25 to 35 years.
What dominated medical thinking in the Dark Ages while medicine was restricted?
Emphasis on saving the soul; prayer and divine intervention; custodial care by monks and priests; herbal medicines.
Who was Rhazes (al-Razi) and what is he known for?
An Arab physician who based diagnoses on observation, distinguished smallpox from measles, and advocated medical licensing and early techniques like gut sutures.
What Renaissance development allowed for a better understanding of anatomy and physiology?
Dissection of the body.
Who described the circulatory system in the lungs?
Michael Servetus (1511–1553).
Who published the first anatomy book?
Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564).
Who invented the microscope and in what approximate year?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek; around 1666.
What significant cardiovascular finding did William Harvey make in 1628?
Described the circulation of blood to and from the heart.
Who identified the Fallopian tubes and the tympanic membrane (music drum) of the ear?
Gabriel Fallopius identified the Fallopian tubes; the tympanic membrane was described by Fallopius as well. (Note: tympanic membrane attribution is often linked to others; based on the notes: Fallopius.)
Who identified the Eustachian tube leading from the ear to the throat?
Gabriel Eustachio (Eustachio).
Who is known as the Father of Modern Surgery and what are his contributions?
Ambroise Paré; established ligatures to bind arteries, stopped boiling oil cauterization, improved fracture treatment, and promoted artificial limbs.
What major advancement did Edward Jenner achieve in 1796?
Developed a vaccination for smallpox.
What anesthetic advances occurred in the 1840s, and who were the key figures?
Ether anesthesia introduced by William Morton (1846) and chloroform introduced by James Young Simpson (1847).
Who is known as the Father of Medicine and what are his key contributions?
Hippocrates (460–377 BC); organized method to observe the human body, recorded signs and symptoms, and created the Hippocratic Oath.
What theory did Claudius Galen promote about illness?
The four humors theory: illness results from imbalance of blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile.
Which ancient thinker is considered the founder of comparative anatomy for dissecting animals?
Aristotle (384–322 BC).
What is trepanation (trephining)?
A surgical procedure that bored a hole in the skull to treat insanity, epilepsy, and headaches.
Which civilization created early public health systems like aqueducts and sewers?
Ancient Romans (public health infrastructure including aqueducts and sewers).
What was the approximate average life span in ancient Rome?
About 25 to 35 years.
What dominated medical thinking in the Dark Ages while medicine was restricted?
Emphasis on saving the soul; prayer and divine intervention; custodial care by monks and priests; herbal medicines.
Who was Rhazes (al-Razi) and what is he known for?
An Arab physician who based diagnoses on observation, distinguished smallpox from measles, and advocated medical licensing and early techniques like gut sutures.
What Renaissance development allowed for a better understanding of anatomy and physiology?
Dissection of the body.
Who described the circulatory system in the lungs?
Michael Servetus (1511–1553).
Who published the first anatomy book?
Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564).
Who invented the microscope and in what approximate year?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek; around 1666.
What significant cardiovascular finding did William Harvey make in 1628?
Described the circulation of blood to and from the heart.
Who identified the Fallopian tubes and the tympanic membrane (music drum) of the ear?
Gabriel Fallopius identified the Fallopian tubes; the tympanic membrane was described by Fallopius as well. (Note: tympanic membrane attribution is often linked to others; based on the notes: Fallopius).
Who identified the Eustachian tube leading from the ear to the throat?
Gabriel Eustachio (Eustachio).
Who is known as the Father of Modern Surgery and what are his contributions?
Ambroise Paré; established ligatures to bind arteries, stopped boiling oil cauterization, improved fracture treatment, and promoted artificial limbs.
What major advancement did Edward Jenner achieve in 1796?
Developed a vaccination for smallpox.
What anesthetic advances occurred in the 1840s, and who were the key figures?
Ether anesthesia introduced by William Morton (1846) and chloroform introduced by James Young Simpson (1847).
Who created the first pasteurization process and developed a vaccine for rabies?
Louis Pasteur (1822–1895).
Who is known as the "Father of Microbiology" and confirmed the germ theory of disease?
Robert Koch (1843–1910).
What did Wilhelm Roentgen discover in 1895?
X-rays.
Who discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic, in 1928?
Alexander Fleming (1881–1955).