pathophysiology 1

health

state of complete physical, mental, social well being

disease

acute or chronic illness that one acquires or born with that causes physiological dysfunction in one or more body systems

etiology

factors that causes disease

pathogenesis

how the disease process evolves

morphology

structure or form of cells or tissues

clinical manifestations

signs and symptoms of a disease - fever

diagnosis

nature or cause of a health problem

clinical course

evolution of a disease - acute, chronic , subacute

acute

short term

chronic

continuous long term

subacute

between acute and chronic

primary prevention

keeping disease from occurring - immunizations

secondary prevention

detects disease when still asymptomatic - tests

tertiary

prevent further deterioration - drug use, AAA

morbidity

effects an illness has on persons life

mortality

information about the cause of death in a given population

homeostasis

state of constancy within your body

negative feedback system

output of a process acts to reduce or dampen process, maintains homeostasis - temperature

positive feedback system

initial change leads to further change in the same direction which increases original signal, non-homeostatic - childbirth

GAS

alarm, resistance, exhaustion

alarm

stim of SNS

resistance

selects most effective channels of defense, cortisol increase

exhaustion

resources depleted, wear and tear signs

acute stress

fight or flight, physical symptoms, psychological/physiologic, could be detrimental

chronic stress

can result from chronic illnesses, can contribute to long term health problems, linked to many disorders

PTSD

disabling syndrome caused by chronic activation of stress response due to significant traumatic event, can be due to war, disasters, rape

PTSD symptoms

flashbacks, numbing, hyperarousal, startle

types of neoplasms

benign, malignant

benign

noncancerous, well differentiated, resemble tissue cells, slow growth, noninvasive, does not metastasize

malignant

cancerous, undifferentiated, does not resemble, varied growth, invasive, metastasize

tumor staging

0 - 4, growth spreads throughout body as increases

cancer treatment

surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal, biotherapy

autosomal

transmitted to offspring regardless of sex

dominant

50% to transmit to offspring

recessive

both parents must pass on gene

marfan

affects connective tissue, cardiovascular, skeletal, eye systems

marfan treatment

no cure, managed with meds, surgery, lifestyle

marfan symptoms

tall, slender, long arms, legs, toes, fingers, flexible, pigeon/funnel chest, potential for aneurysm, nearsightedness, lens dislocation, other vision issues, flat feet, scoliosis, crowded teeth, stretch marks

down syndrome

extra copy of chromosome 21, most common chromosomal disorder

down syndrome symptoms

developmental delays, flat facial profile, almond shaped eyes, increased risk for congenital heart defects, respiratory, thyroid issues

turner syndrome

only female, missing/incomplete x chromosome, affects development or appearance

turner symptoms

short stature, delayed puberty, infertility, heart defects, kidney issues, skeletal abnormalities

when turner diagnosed

at birth or later thru genetic testing

turner treatment

growth hormone or estrogen

klinefelter

men only, extra x copy, taller, reduced muscle mass, less hair, learning challenges