Ethics and Moral Reasoning Exam Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to ethics, moral reasoning, and specific ethical dilemmas discussed in the lecture.

What are the four types of good moral reasoning mentioned in the lecture?

Good Reasons, Universalization, Civility, Reasonableness.

Which type of moral reasoning is NOT included in the good moral reasoning options?

Partiality.

What is deontology?

Duty-based ethics.

In the trolley problem, what aspect of utilitarianism argues against choosing your mom over five strangers?

Impartiality.

According to care ethics, what creates a special obligation?

A dependency on someone.

What claims that morality consists of mind-independent facts?

Moral Realism.

What does virtue theory argue is the purpose of human life?

Flourishing.

Which of Kant’s principles states that the maxim of your action should be willed into a universal law?

Categorical Imperative.

Which logical fallacy occurs when one's views are justified by another assumed to be correct?

Appeal to Authority.

What is virtue in a theoretical sense?

A mean between two vices.

What presents claims about how people ought to make moral decisions?

Normative ethics.

Which is NOT one of Holand’s requirements for physician-assisted suicide?

Patients must be terminal with a life expectance of less than a month.

What term refers to the assistance in causing one's own death?

Assisted suicide.

What refers to the killing of one moral subject by another for merciful reasons?

Euthanasia.

Which of the following is NOT required for the Harvard Criteria of brain death?

All of the above are necessary criteria.

What is the first guideline for surrogate consent?

You should decide what a patient would want based on their expressed wishes.

What is the second guideline for surrogate consent?

You should decide what a patient would want based on their best interests.

Which type of coma do patients rarely come out of and is often misdiagnosed?

Persistent vegetative state.

What do we call decisions concerning who shall receive a resource when not all can?

Selective-allocative.

What do we call policy decisions about which programs and services should be offered in a context of scarcity?

Macro-allocative.

Which of the following is NOT one of the eligibility criteria?

All of the above are eligibility criteria.

What is a character judgment about the relative moral worth of an action?

Moral decency.

What do we call the fetus's ability to survive outside the mother’s womb?

Viability.

What argument states that robbing a fetus of its potential life is wrong?

Deprivation argument.

What is the rule of rescue in medical ethics?

Patients who are named and known are more likely to receive medical resources.