Exam 1 Patho Practice Questions

a nurse is caring for a client who has peripheral edema. The RN should identify that which nutrient regulates extracellular fluid volume?

- sodium
- magnesium
- calcium
- potassium

sodium

A client has just learned that his liver has regenerated following partial removal of the liver due to trauma. This regeneration is due to which physiologic principle?

A. Intracellular hypertrophy
B. Compensatory hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Exogenous product accumulation

Metaplasia

Which statement(s) is/are true concerning dysplasia? Select all that apply.
- Dysplasia can result from chronic irritation
- Dysplasia iss eldom reversible
- Dysplasia frequently exists in the respiratory tract
- Dysplasia results in cell growth that produces a variety of tissue cell sizes and shapes
- Dysplasia is a strong precursor of cancer

- Dysplasia can result from chronic irritation
- Dysplasia frequently exists in the respiratory tract
- Dysplasia results in cell growth that produces a variety of tissue cell sizes and shapes
- Dysplasia is a strong precursor of cancer

Pt has developed cell atrophy. What would this most likely be caused by?

- overuse
- ischemia
- endocrine reinvention
- reinnervation

ischemia

What is water movement between ICF and ECF compartments determined by?

- buffer systems
- plasma oncotic pressure
- osmotic forces
- antidiuretic hormone

Osmotic forces

RN cares for Pt diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, who is at risk for electrolyte imbalances. Which client data indicates severe hypokalemia?

A. Bradycardia
B. Confusion
C. Seizure activity
D. Respiratory depression

D. Respiratory depression

RN is reviewing labs of a patient who has fluid volume overload. Which of the following labs should the nurse expect?

Hgb20 (normal12-17)
Hct34 (normal36-50)
BUN25 (normal10-20)
Urine specific gravity 1.050 (normal 1.005 - 1.030)

Hct34(normal36-50)

RN notes that a patient is confused and fatigued. Which of the following labs should the RN report to the MD?

Sodium 128
Potassium 4.8
Calcium 9.1
Magnesium 2.0

Sodium 128

RN finds that a Pt's calcium level is 8.1 (low). Which of the following findings is the priority to assess?

A. Deep tendon reflexes
B. Cardiac rhythm
C. Peripheral sensation
D. Bowel sounds

B. Cardiac rhythm

RN is assessing a client who has a calcium level of 14 (H). Which of the following should the RN expect?

A. Hepatic failure
B. (+)Trousseau sign
C. Respiratory depression
D. High cardiac output

C. Respiratory depression

A nurse is caring for a client who develops deep, rapid respirations. Arterial blood gas analysis includes these values: pH 7.25, PCO2 40, and HCO3- 18. The nurse reports to the provider that the client is experiencing...

A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic acidosis

D. Metabolic acidosis

RN is caring for a patient who is very anxious and is breathing rapidly. What state would the nurse expect the patient to be in?

A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis

B. Respiratory alkalosis

RN is caring for a patient who is given Lactulose to reduce ammonia levels but is now having excessive diarrhea. What should the nurse now closely monitor the patient for?

A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis

C. Metabolic acidosis

RN expects which patient to be in respiratory acidosis? Select all that apply

A. Morphine overdose
B. Panic attack
C. Sleep apnea
D. COPD
E. Asthma attack
F. Alcohol intoxication

A. Morphine overdose
C. Sleep apnea
D. COPD
E. Asthma attack
F. Alcohol intoxication

Which of the following does NOT describe phagocytosis?

- The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles
- Part of the inflammatory response
- Major component of body's third line of defense
- A nonspecific defense

Major component of body's third line of defense

A nurse is caring for a client who has a gastric ulcer. The nurse should explain that prolonged exposure of the body to stress can also cause which of the following to occur?

A. Heightened Immune response
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Hypotension
D. Bleeding Tendencies

B. Hyperglycemia

A nurse is teaching a client who has an autoimmune disease about the adverse effects of long-term corticosteroid therapy. Which of the following effects should the nurse include? Select all that apply

A. Osteoporosis
B. Moon-shaped face
C. Increased risk of infection
D. Hearing loss
E. Weight loss

A. Osteoporosis
B. Moon-shaped face
C. Increased risk of infection

RN teaches a Pt with diabetes mellitus about complications. Which of the following should are expected findings of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? Select all that apply

- Ketones in the urine
- Moist skin
- Kussmaul Respirations
- BG levels > 300
- Shivering, pt. stating he "feels cold"

- Ketones in the urine
- BG levels > 300
- Shivering, pt. stating he "feels cold"

A nurse is teaching a client about the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. The nurse should explain that the purpose of the test is to assess for which of the following disorders?

A. Cushing's Syndrome
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Diabetes Insipidus
D. Addison's Disease

Addison's Disease

A nurse is admitting a client who has hyperthyroidism. Which of the following would the patient present with?

- Tremors, diaphoresis, insomnia
- Tremors, shivering, lethargy
- Difficulties seeing and syncope
- All of the above

- Tremors, diaphoresis, insomnia

A nurse is assessing a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

- A PH of 7.40
- Sodium 110 mEq/L
- Potassium level of 4.5
- Blood glucose of 70

- Sodium 110 mEq/L

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports of a client and notes an elevated TSH. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A. Diaphoresis
B. Thyroid eye disease
C. Bradycardia
D. N/V/D

C. Bradycardia