Basic Skills in Drawing, Measurement Systems, Geometry, and Grammar Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering drawing skills, equipment, line classifications, history of technical drawing, metric and English measurements, geometric line concepts, and english sentence/speech structure.

Freehand sketching

Drawing objects without instruments.

Line drawing

Creating accurate lines using instruments.

Lettering

Writing labels and notes clearly.

Geometric construction

Creating shapes such as circles, angles, polygons, and arcs.

Dimensioning

Showing the size and measurements of an object.

Orthographic drawing

Representing an object using different views, such as front, top, and side.

Isometric drawing

Showing a 3D object on a 2D surface.

Scale drawing

Drawing an object larger or smaller than its actual size while keeping the proportions correct.

2H pencil grade

A pencil grade that produces very hard, very light lines.

HB pencil grade

A pencil grade of medium hardness used for general drawing.

4B pencil grade

A pencil grade that produces very soft, very dark lines.

Drawing board

Provides a flat surface for drawing.

T-square

Used to draw horizontal lines.

Triangles (Set squares)

Used to draw vertical and angled lines.

Compass

Used to draw circles and arcs.

Divider

Transfers measurements.

Protractor

Measures and constructs angles.

French curve

Draws irregular curves.

Technical pen

Produces precise ink lines.

Object / Visible lines

Continuous thick lines used to show visible edges of an object.

Hidden lines

Dashed lines used to show edges that cannot be seen.

Center lines

Chain lines (long dash - short dash) used to indicate centers, axes, or symmetry.

Dimension lines

Thin continuous lines used to indicate measurements.

Extension lines

Thin continuous lines that extend from an object to show where a measurement starts and ends.

Construction lines

Light lines used as guides.

Cutting-plane lines

Chain lines with thick ends used to indicate where an object is imagined to be cut.

Section lines (Hatching)

Hatch or diagonal lines used to show surfaces exposed by a sectional view.

Technical drawing

The graphical representation of an object, structure, or idea using standardized lines, symbols, measurements, and drawing methods.

Cave Paintings in Chauvet Cave

Prehistoric drawings created in France around $30,000$–$32,000$ years ago on cave walls as a way to communicate, record information, and represent experiences.

Leonardo da Vinci

Renaissance contributor ($1452$–$1519$) who created detailed sketches of machines, mechanisms, anatomy, bridges, and inventions to communicate complex ideas.

Gaspard Monge

Contributor ($1746$–$1818$) who developed descriptive geometry, an important foundation of modern technical drawing and engineering graphics.

Millimeter (mm)

Metric unit of length equal to $0.001\,\text{meter}$.

Centimeter (cm)

Metric unit of length equal to $0.01\,\text{meter}$.

Kilometer (km)

Metric unit of length equal to $1,000\,\text{meters}$.

Foot (ft)

English unit of length equal to $12\,\text{inches}$ or $30.48\,\text{cm}$.

Yard (yd)

English unit of length equal to $3\,\text{feet}$.

Mile (mi)

English unit of length equal to $5,280\,\text{feet}$, $1,760\,\text{yards}$, or $1.609\,\text{km}$.

Line (geometric)

A continuous mark made by a moving point that extends infinitely in both directions and has $0$ endpoints.

Ray

A geometric line that has $1$ endpoint and extends infinitely in one direction.

Line segment

A geometric line that has $2$ endpoints, a definite length, and extends in neither direction infinitely.

Sentence

A group of words that expresses a complete thought or idea, formulated as $\text{Sentence} = \text{Subject} + \text{Predicate}$.

Subject

The part of a sentence that tells who or what the sentence is about.

Predicate

The part of a sentence that tells what the subject does or what is said about the subject.

Speech

The expression of thoughts, ideas, or feelings through spoken words as a form of oral communication.

Engineering drawing

A technical form of drawing used to accurately communicate the shape, size, features, and specifications of an object.

Noun

A part of speech that names a person, place, thing, or idea.

Pronoun

A part of speech that replaces a noun.

Verb

A part of speech that shows action or state of being.

Adjective

A part of speech that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.

Adverb

A part of speech that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.

Preposition

A part of speech that shows a relationship between words, usually place, time, or direction.

Conjunction

A part of speech that connects words, phrases, or clauses.

Interjection

A part of speech that expresses strong emotion or feeling.