gallic wars book 1 quiz

subdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum

to lead up, withdraw

sustineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentum

to withstand, hold back

triplex, -icis

triple, threefold

veterānus, -a, -um

veteran

iugum, -ī (n.)

ridge, summit

īnscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptum

to enroll, levy

impedīmenta, -ōrum (n. pl.)

baggage

sarcina, -ae (f.)

pack, baggage

cōnferō, -ferre, contulī, collātum

to bring together

mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum

to fortify, protect

phalanx, -angis (f.)

phalanx (Greek military formation)

phalanga, phalangae, f.

phalanx (Greek military formation)

in proximum collem

"to the nearest hill"

in colle mediō

"on the middle of the hill"

in summō iugō

"on the top of the ridge" (positional phrases)

cohortārī, -ātus sum

to encourage (deponent)

commoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum

to begin (literally- set in motion)

dīstringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictum

to draw (a sword)

trānsfīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxum

to pierce through

conligō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum

to bind together

īnflectō, -ere, -flexī, -flexum

to bend

ēvellō, -ere, -vellī, -vulsum

to pull out

iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum

to toss about

praeoptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum

to prefer

claudō, -ere, clausī, clausum

to close, bring up the rear

redintegrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum

to renew

bipertītō (adv.)

in two divisions

anceps, -cipitis

double, on two sides

āversus, -a, -um

turned away, retreating

vāllum, -ī (n.)

rampart, palisade

rota, -ae (f.)

wheel

mātara, -ae (f.)

javelin, pike

tragula, -ae (f.)

javelin

subiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum

to place under, throw from below

superfuī, -esse

to survive, remain

continenter (adv.)

continuously, without stopping

intermittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum

to interrupt, stop

sepultūra, -ae (f.)

burial

inopia, -ae (f.)

lack, want

dēditiō, -ōnis (f.)

surrender

prōiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectum

to throw down (sē prōicere = prostrate oneself)

suppliciter (adv.)

humbly, submissively

flēns, flentis

weeping (present participle of fleō)

pāreō, -ēre, pāruī

to obey (+ dat.)

pōpōscī (perfect of poscō)

demanded

conquīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītum

to search out, collect

perfugiō, -ere, -fūgī

to flee for refuge, desert

dēditīcius, -iī (m.)

one who has surrendered

resciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum

to find out, learn

pūrgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum

to clear oneself, make excuse (with reflexive- sē pūrgāre)

redūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum

to bring back

frūx, frūgis (f.)

crops, grain

famēs, -is (f.)

hunger, famine

tolerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum

to endure, bear

vacō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum

to be empty

incoleō, -ere, -uī

to inhabit

conlocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum

to settle, place

concēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum

to grant, allow

ratiō, -ōnis (f.)

account, reckoning

nōminātim (adv.)

by name

sēparātim (adv.)

separately

grātulor, -ārī, -ātus sum

to congratulate (+ dat.)

vetustus, -a, -um

old, ancient

tametsi (conj.)

although

ex ūsū

to the advantage (idiom with gen.)

flōreō, -ēre, -uī

to flourish, be prosperous

dēligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctum

to choose, select

oportunus, -a, -um (opportunus)

advantageous, suitable

frūctuōsus, -a, -um

profitable, fruitful

stipendiārius, -a, -um

tributary, paying tribute

indicō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictum

to announce, proclaim

ēnūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum

to reveal, disclose

sanciō, -īre, sānxī, sānctum

to ratify, establish

expedītus, -a, -um

unencumbered, light-armed; here as substantive- light infantry

terreō, terrēre, terruī, territus

to frighten, terrify

mūnītiō, mūnītiōnis, f.

fortification, entrenchment (act of fortifying)

prohibeō, prohibēre, prohibuī, prohibitus

to prevent, keep from (+ abl.)

nihilō sētius

nonetheless, nevertheless (adverbial phrase)

prōpulsō, prōpulsāre, prōpulsāvī, prōpulsātus

to drive back, repel

perficiō, perficere, perfēcī, perfectus

to complete, finish

auxiliāris, auxiliāris, m.

auxiliary soldier, allied troops

potestās, potestātis, f.

opportunity, chance (here- pugnandī potestātem facere = to give a chance to fight)

prōdeō, prōdīre, prōdiī, prōditus

to go forth, come out (for battle)

merīdiēs, merīdiēī, m.

midday, noon

ūtrimque

from/on both sides (adv.)

īnferō, īnferre, intulī, illātus

to inflict (wounds); to bring against

sortēs, sortium, f. pl.

lots, divination (sortēs consultāre = to consult the lots)

vāticinātiō, vāticinātiōnis, f.

prophecy, soothsaying

fās est

it is right/allowed by divine law (indeclinable noun + esse)

ex ūsū esse

to be of advantage, beneficial

ante novam lūnam

before the new moon (temporal expression)

alārius, alāriī, m.

allied/auxiliary soldier (from āla = wing)

lēgiōnārius, lēgiōnāriī, m.

legionary soldier (Roman citizen soldier)

spēciēs, speciēī, f.

appearance, show (here- ad speciem = for appearance's sake)

generātim

by tribes, clan by clan (adv.)

intervallum, intervallī, n.

interval, space between units

raeda, raedae, f.

four-wheeled wagon (Gallic vehicle)

circumdō, circumdare, circumdedī, circumdatus

to surround, encircle

passus, -a, -um

spread out, disheveled (perf. part. of pandō)

implōrō, implōrāre, implōrāvī, implōrātus

to beg, entreat with tears