Global 10H Weekly Assessment 10 BN 21-34

Persian Wars

Conflict between Persian Empire and Greek city-states.

Marathon

Battle where Persians were defeated by Athens.

Xerxes

Persian king who sought revenge against Greece.

Thermopylae

Battle where Greeks held off Persians despite being outnumbered.

Delian League

Alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens.

Pericles

Athenian leader who promoted democracy and culture.

Peloponnesian War

Conflict between Athens and Sparta from 431-404 B.C.

Sparta

City-state that led anti-Athens alliance during war.

Plague of Athens

Disease outbreak in 430 B.C. that killed 1/3 population.

Mercenaries

Hired soldiers, many joined Persian army post-war.

Macedonia

Kingdom that threatened Greece after Peloponnesian War.

Philip II

King of Macedonia who conquered Greece in 338 B.C.

Alexander the Great

Conqueror whose empire stretched from Egypt to Indus River.

Successor Kingdoms

Kingdoms formed after Alexander's empire fragmented.

Hellenistic Society

Cultural blend of Greek and Middle Eastern influences.

Septuagint

Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible by Jewish scholars.

Stoicism

Philosophy founded by Zeno emphasizing reason over emotion.

Menander

Famous playwright known for comedies about everyday life.

Etruscans

Early rulers of North Italy before Roman dominance.

Patricians

Wealthy class in Rome holding public office.

Plebeians

Common people in Rome with limited rights initially.

Tribunes

Plebeian representatives with veto power in Rome.

Paterfamilia

Male head of household in Roman society.

Roman Legions

Military units of 6,000 men used in expansion.

Punic Wars

Conflicts between Rome and Carthage from 264-146 B.C.

Hannibal

Carthaginian general known for invading Italy.

Marius

Roman general who created the first professional army.

Sulla

General who became dictator after defeating Marius.

Coloniae

Permanent military settlements established by Romans.

Alexandria

Major center of Hellenistic culture and learning.