Global 10H Weekly Assessment 10 BN 21-34

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30 Terms

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Persian Wars

Conflict between Persian Empire and Greek city-states.

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Marathon

Battle where Persians were defeated by Athens.

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Xerxes

Persian king who sought revenge against Greece.

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Thermopylae

Battle where Greeks held off Persians despite being outnumbered.

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Delian League

Alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens.

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Pericles

Athenian leader who promoted democracy and culture.

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Peloponnesian War

Conflict between Athens and Sparta from 431-404 B.C.

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Sparta

City-state that led anti-Athens alliance during war.

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Plague of Athens

Disease outbreak in 430 B.C. that killed 1/3 population.

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Mercenaries

Hired soldiers, many joined Persian army post-war.

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Macedonia

Kingdom that threatened Greece after Peloponnesian War.

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Philip II

King of Macedonia who conquered Greece in 338 B.C.

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Alexander the Great

Conqueror whose empire stretched from Egypt to Indus River.

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Successor Kingdoms

Kingdoms formed after Alexander's empire fragmented.

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Hellenistic Society

Cultural blend of Greek and Middle Eastern influences.

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Septuagint

Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible by Jewish scholars.

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Stoicism

Philosophy founded by Zeno emphasizing reason over emotion.

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Menander

Famous playwright known for comedies about everyday life.

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Etruscans

Early rulers of North Italy before Roman dominance.

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Patricians

Wealthy class in Rome holding public office.

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Plebeians

Common people in Rome with limited rights initially.

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Tribunes

Plebeian representatives with veto power in Rome.

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Paterfamilia

Male head of household in Roman society.

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Roman Legions

Military units of 6,000 men used in expansion.

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Punic Wars

Conflicts between Rome and Carthage from 264-146 B.C.

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Hannibal

Carthaginian general known for invading Italy.

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Marius

Roman general who created the first professional army.

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Sulla

General who became dictator after defeating Marius.

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Coloniae

Permanent military settlements established by Romans.

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Alexandria

Major center of Hellenistic culture and learning.