Foot and Ankle Structures and Osteology

superior extensor retinaculum

inferior extensor retinaculum

functions of the superior and inferior extensor retinaculum

keep tendons in place and prevent bowstringing

superior fibular retinaculum

inferior fibular retinaculum

anterior tibiofibular ligament

posterior tibiofibular ligament

talocrural joint

function of the tibiofibular ligaments

hold distal tibia and fibula together so foot is not driven up into the leg

posterior talofibular ligament

anterior talofibular ligament

calcaneofibular ligament

function of anterior/posterior talofibular ligaments and calcaneofibular ligament

resist inversion/varus forces and provide frontal plane stability

deltoid ligament

function of the deltoid ligament

resists eversion/valgus forces, provides frontal plane stability

rear foot components

talus and calcaneus bones

midfoot components

navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms

forefoot components

metatarsals and phalanges

subtalar joint

articulating surface of the subtalar joint on the calcaneus

anterior, middle, and posterior talar articulating surfaces

articulating surface of the subtalar joint on the talus

anterior/posterior calcaneal articulating surface

plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

supports medial longitudinal arch

interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

main stabilizer of the subtalar joint

interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

transverse tarsal joint

long plantar ligament

supports lateral longitudinal arch

tarsometatarsal joints/Lisfranc's joint line

intermetatarsal joints

dorsal metatarsal ligaments

plantar ligaments

deep transverse metatarsal ligament

medial longitudinal arch components

calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, first three digits

lateral longitudinal arch components

calcaneus, cuboid, 4-5 digits

pes cavus

high arch

pes planus

flatfoot

plantar aponeurosis

fibularis longus tendon

supports transverse arch

medial malleolus

lateral malleolus

trochlea of talus

talus neck

talus head

talus

calcaneus

sustentaculum tali

calcaneal tuberosity

fibular trochlea

navicular

navicular tuberosity

cuboid

cuboid tuberosity

groove for fibularis longus tendon

medial cuneiform

intermediate cuneiform

lateral cuneiform

tuberosity of 5th metatarsal