Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Cell Theory

The theory that states the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living things.

Unicellular

Organisms made up of only one cell.

Multicellular

Organisms composed of a number of cells.

Hereditary Information

DNA that is passed from cell to cell during cell division.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that lack a nucleus and are generally smaller, found in organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea.

Eukaryotic Cells

Larger cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, found in organisms such as protists, fungi, animals, and plants.

Plasma Membrane

A membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell.

Cytosol

The semifluid substance within a cell where cellular processes occur.

Nucleoid

The region where a prokaryotic cell's DNA is located, not enclosed by a membrane.

Ribosomes

Complexes that synthesize proteins.

Fimbriae

Attachment structures on the surface of some prokaryotes.

Glycocalyx

The outer coating of many prokaryotes, consisting of a capsule or a slime layer.

Flagella

Locomotion organelles of some prokaryotes.

Chromosome

Structures that carry genes; prokaryotes often have a single, circular chromosome.

Capsule

A protective layer found in some prokaryotic cells.

Plasmid(s)

Small, circular DNA molecules present in prokaryotes.