Vocabulary and Concepts from Pages 1-5

A set of practice flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from Pages 1–5 of the notes.

What are two common meanings of the word 'empire' as used in these notes?

A large territory or realm ruled by an emperor; it can also refer to a powerful business organization (e.g., a 'business empire').

What does 'enclose' mean and how is it used in business letters?

To surround or place inside; to enclose a document means to attach or include it; 'Please find enclosed' is used to indicate an attachment in business letters.

How can 'encounter' be used as both a verb and a noun?

As a verb, to meet or come upon; as a noun, a meeting or chance encounter (e.g., 'first encounter').

What does 'endanger' mean and give an example from the notes?

To put something at risk or in danger; e.g., 'Pollution endangers the lives of many animals.'

What does 'endure' mean and provide an example?

To suffer through or tolerate; e.g., 'She had to endure years of loneliness.'

What is the meaning of 'enforce' and how is 'enforcement' used?

To compel compliance with a law or rule; 'enforcement' is the act or process of enforcing, as in 'strict enforcement'.

What does 'engineering' refer to, and what subfields are mentioned in the notes?

The application of science to design and build; subfields include civil engineering and mechanical engineering.

What does 'enlargement' mean and what are some examples of its use?

The act or process of enlarging; examples include enlarging a photo, enlarging the scope, or 'enlargement' of something.

What does 'enormous' mean and give two example phrases from the notes?

Extremely large; examples include 'enormous amount' and 'enormous pressure'.

What does 'equipment' refer to, and how is the verb phrase 'equip with' used?

Tools, clothing, or other things needed for a particular purpose; 'equip with' means to provide with; 'well-equipped' means having good equipment; examples include 'sports equipment' and 'office equipment'.

What is an 'era' and what phrases indicate its usage?

A period of time; phrases include 'new era', 'modern era', 'the beginning of an era', and 'in the era of …'.

What is an 'errand' and how is it used in phrases?

A short trip to perform a task; common usages include 'run an errand', 'daily errands', 'finish errands', and 'send sb. on an errand'.

What is an escalator and what phrases describe its use and safety?

A moving staircase; phrases include 'take the escalator', 'go up/down the escalator', 'escalator safety', and 'broken escalator'.

What does 'essay' refer to and what are common related terms?

A short piece of writing or article; related terms include 'write an essay', 'essay topic', 'essay question', and 'academic essay'.

What does 'essential' mean and how is it used in the notes?

Describes something absolutely necessary or fundamental (adjective); example 'essential part'.