🌇 Society

underserved populations

not provided with enough help or services that are of high quality

be intertwined

to become closely connected

perpetuate the cycle of poverty

to cause something to continue

engender public confidence

to make a situation start to exist

derive from something

to come or be obtained from something

grapple with demographic change

to deal with or understand a difficult problem

manipulate consumer behavior

to control something or someone to your advantage unfairly

transient population

lasting for only a short time

discrepancy between urban and rural incomes

a difference between two things that should be the same

the fabric of society

the structure or parts of something

in the face of economic uncertainty

despite having to deal with a difficult situation

skeptical of advertising claims

doubting that something is true or useful

primitive society

an early stage of development; not advanced

the underlying rationale behind

the reason why it is done

facilitate urban mobility

to make something possible or easier

give rise to social unrest

to cause something

withstand global shocks

to be strong enough not to be hurt by extreme conditions

visually appealing cityscape

visual structure of a city

tenement buildings

small rented apartments for low-income urban housing

immigrant enclaves

areas within a city where immigrants live together

uninhabited / densely-populated

has no people living in it

the spirit of fraternity

a feeling of solidarity

pockets of poverty

a small, isolated area or group

cosmopolitan society

a place where people from diverse cultural backgrounds live

rural depopulation

a long-term reduction in population size within a region

the opulence of elite lifestyles

great wealth, often shown in a very rich way

in some circles

among people sharing similar interests or beliefs

communal living arrangements

used by a group of people rather than one single person

inherent pitfall

an unexpected danger or difficulty

across-the-board reform

affecting everyone or everything within an organization or society

integral to maintaining stable communities

necessary and important as a part of a whole

regime

a particular government, or a system or method of government

housing subsidy

money given to help or encourage something to happen

suburb

an area on the edge of a large city where people who work there often live

conventional views on gender roles

following what is traditional

tragedy

a very sad event, especially one involving death or suffering

commonplace

happening or seen frequently, and so not considered special or unusual

promulgate regulations

to spread beliefs or ideas among people, especially a new law

run-down

a building or area that is in bad condition

municipal authorities

belonging to a town, city, or district that has its own local government

structural marginalization

the act of treating someone or something as if they aren't important

in-demand

many people want or need to have or to buy them

demographic collapse

a group of people who are similar in age, social class, etc.

lift populations out of abject poverty

the state of being extremely unhappy, poor, unsuccessful, etc.

in terror

extreme fear, or violent action that causes fear

levy

a tax that you have to pay to the government

illicit activities

illegal or disapproved of by society

downturn

a reduction in a country's economic activity

capitalism

a political system in which property, business and industry are controlled by private owners

territory

an area of land or sea that is controlled by a particular country

socioeconomic upheaval

a great change causing much difficulty

upswing

an increase or improvement

stratospheric housing prices

an extremely high level

a potent force in shaping public opinion

powerful, persuasive, or effective

new avenues for social mobility

a method or way of doing something

racial prejudice

an unfair opinion formed without enough knowledge

economic backwaters

a place, group, or area considered undeveloped

adopt even-handed policies

fair and impartial, treating all sides equally without bias

consumerist culture

a society focused on buying, owning, and consuming products

atrophy

be reduced in size and strength to become weaker

social stigmas attached to

a strong feeling of disapproval that most people have about something unfair

gender stereotypes

a wrong idea that people have about SO or STH is like

reinvigorate the economy

to give new energy, or life, to something that has become weak

against the backdrop of urbanization

the general situation in which particular events happen

urban metabolism

the way a city consumes, processes, and outputs resources

devoid of human interaction

completely lacking something

cheapen traditional values

to reduce something

marked by controversy

a lot of disagreement or argument about something

socially constructed than biologically determined

to build something

social mobility

the ability or process of changing one’s social status within society