Monomers, polymers, and into to organic compounds

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Last updated 1:21 PM on 8/25/26
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21 Terms

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Monomer

A smaller unit from which larger molecules are made.

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Polymer

A molecule made from a large number of monomers joined together.

<p>A molecule made from a large number of monomers joined together.</p>
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Macromolecule

A very large biological molecule, usually a polymer built from many smaller subunits.

<p>A very large biological molecule, usually a polymer built from many smaller subunits.</p>
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Monosaccharide

The monomer from which larger carbohydrates are made.

<p>The monomer from which larger carbohydrates are made.</p>
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Amino acid

The monomer from which proteins are made.

<p>The monomer from which proteins are made.</p>
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Nucleotide

The monomer from which nucleic acids are made.

<p>The monomer from which nucleic acids are made.</p>
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Polypeptide

A polymer formed by the condensation of many amino acids.

<p>A polymer formed by the condensation of many amino acids.</p>
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Polysaccharide

A polymer formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides.

<p>A polymer formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides.</p>
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Nucleic acid

A polymer of nucleotides — DNA or RNA.

<p>A polymer of nucleotides — DNA or RNA.</p>
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Condensation reaction

A reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond and involves the elimination of a molecule of water.

<p>A reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond and involves the elimination of a molecule of water.</p>
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Hydrolysis reaction

A reaction that breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of a water molecule.

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Metabolite

A substance that takes part in a metabolic reaction, as either a reactant or a product.

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Covalent bond

A bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons.

<p>A bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons.</p>
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Ionic bond

A bond formed when electrons are transferred between atoms, producing oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

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Organic compound

A compound that contains carbon and is found in living things.

<p>A compound that contains carbon and is found in living things.</p>
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Hydroxyl group

An –OH group.

<p>An –OH group.</p>
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Isomer

One of two or more molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms.

<p>One of two or more molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms.</p>
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Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions taking place within an organism.

<p>All of the chemical reactions taking place within an organism.</p>
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Anabolism

The construction of larger molecules from smaller subunits. Consumes energy.

<p>The construction of larger molecules from smaller subunits. Consumes energy.</p>
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Catabolism

The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller subunits. Releases energy.

<p>The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller subunits. Releases energy.</p>
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Biochemical basis of life

The observation that all living things, past and present, are built from the same few groups of carbon-based compounds and use the same reactions to build and break them.