Microbe Basics

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Microbes

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17 Terms

1

Microbes

Tiny living organisms that are usually too small to be seen with the naked eye.

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2

Bacteria

Single-celled prokaryotes that lack a nucleus

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3

Viruses

Acellular entities consisting of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat, requiring a host cell to replicate.

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4

Fungi

Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes reproducing through spores.

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5

Protozoa

Unicellular eukaryotes with a complex structure, typically found in aquatic environments and soil, reproducing both sexually and asexually.

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6

Algae

Photosynthetic eukaryotes that can be unicellular or multicellular, found in freshwater and marine environments.

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7

Decomposition

The process by which microbes break down organic material, recycling nutrients in ecosystems.

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8

Nitrogen Fixation

The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for plants by certain bacteria, such as Rhizobium.

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9

Pathogenic Microbes

Microbes that cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium.

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10

Bacterial Growth

The increase in the number of bacteria, following a growth curve with four phases:lag, log, stationary, and death phase.

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11

Human Microbiome

The vast community of microbes residing in the human body, particularly in the gut, playing a crucial role in digestion and immunity.

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12

Sterilization

The complete removal or killing of all microbes, often achieved through methods like autoclaving or filtration.

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13

Disinfection

The process of reducing microbial load on inanimate surfaces using agents like bleach or alcohol.

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14

Antibiotics

Medications used to treat bacterial infections, ineffective against viruses or fungi.

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15

Vaccination

Prevents infections by stimulating the immune system against specific pathogens.

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16

Mutations

Changes in microbial DNA that can lead to rapid evolution and traits like antibiotic resistance.

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17

Horizontal Gene Transfer

The acquisition of genes from other microbes, contributing to microbial evolution and adaptation.

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