Chapter 16 Vocab

al-Qaeda

Islamic terrorist organization responsible for the 9/11 attacks and other actions against US interests

Berlin Wall

Barrier built in 1961 to separate democratic West Berlin from communist East Berlin

Bretton Woods System

Post-WW2 international financial system creating the World Bank and IMF

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

US agency for intelligence gathering and covert operations

Cold War

Period of rivalry between the US and Soviet Union

collective security

Concept that an attack on one country is an attack on all

containment

US policy opposing Soviet expansion with military, economic, and political means

Cuban Missile Crisis

1962 confrontation over missiles in Cuba

defense policy

Strategies a country uses to protect itself

Department of Defense

Executive branch department for US defense policy

Department of Homeland Security

Cabinet department for domestic security post-9/11

Department of State

Executive branch department for US foreign policy

détente

Improved US-Soviet relations in the 1970s

deterrence

Military strategy using force to prevent conflicts

European Union

Political organization uniting 28 European countries

Farewell Address

George Washington's warning to preserve the republic

foreign policy

Policy for building relationships with other countries

foreign-policy idealism

Countries act to advance values and principles

foreign-policy realism

Countries act to protect economic and security interests

free trade system

International trade system limiting government interference

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

Post-WW2 treaty promoting free trade

global war on terror

International action post-9/11 to combat terrorism

Gulf War

1990-1991 conflict reversing Iraq's occupation of Kuwait

human rights

Protection of basic freedoms and needs

International Monetary Fund

Organization stabilizing international currency transactions

Iraq War

2003-2011 conflict involving US-led invasion of Iraq

Iron Curtain

Term for the divide between capitalist West and communist East

ISIS

Terrorist organization controlling parts of Syria and Iraq

isolationism

US policy of avoiding alliances with foreign powers

Joint Chiefs of Staff

Military advisory body including top military officials

Korean War

1950-1953 civil war between South and North Korea

League of Nations

Diplomatic organization aiming to prevent wars

manifest destiny

Belief in US expansion across North America

Marshall Plan

US aid program for western Europe post-WW2

military-industrial complex

Network of defense industries, armed forces, and Congress

Monroe Doctrine

US opposition to European political control in the Western Hemisphere

National Security Council

White House agency advising on foreign policy

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Agreement promoting trade among Canada, Mexico, and the US

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Military treaty for collective security

protectionism

Trade policy limiting foreign goods

Reagan Doctrine

Reagan administration's anti-communist commitment

Roosevelt Corollary

US responsibility for stability in Latin America and the Caribbean

September 11

9/11 attacks

strategic trade policy

Government policy supporting key industries

tariffs

Taxes on imported goods

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)

Agreement to lower tariffs and protect intellectual property

Truman Doctrine

US anti-communist policy during the Cold War

UN Security Council

UN body authorizing peacekeeping and military action

United Nations

Multilateral diplomatic organization founded in 1945

Vietnam War

Civil war in Vietnam

War Powers Resolution

Limits on presidential troop deployment without Congress approval

World Bank

Organization providing loans for economic projects

World Trade Organization (WTO)

International organization supervising and expanding trade

World War I

Global conflict from 1914-1918

World War II

Global conflict from 1939-1945

Afghanistan War

a military conflict begun in 2002 in which a US-led international coalition invaded Afghanistan