Unit 2: Radiation Safety (Cram)

The quantity of energy imparted by ionizing radiation to matter per unit mass of the matter

Absorbed dose

What unit is absorbed dose measured in, what did it used to be measured in?

Now: Gray (Gy)
Past: Rad

Fill in the blank: 1 Gray is equal to ____ Rad

100

The quantity obtained by multiplying the absorbed dose in tissue by a quality factor

Dose equivalent

What unit is dose equivalent measured in, what did it used to be measured in?

Now: Sievert (Sv)
Past: Rem

Fill in the blank: 1 Sievert is equal to ____ Rem

100

Defined as the amount of radiation that will not produce somatic or genetic effects in any individual

Maximum permissible dose

Place these structures in order of most to least seiverts/rems of radiation they can get annually as per the maximum permissible dose: Whole body, individual organ or tissue, lens of the eye

Individual organ or tissue (50 rem) > lens of the eye (15 rem) > whole body (5 rem)

What type of cells are most susceptible to radiation?

Rapidly dividing cells

What two groups of people are especially susceptible to radiation?

1. Pregnant women
2. People under 18

What does TLD stand for?

Thermo luminescent dosimeters, they are called this because the lithium fluoride they contain emits an amount of light proportional to the amount of radiation it received

The Radiation Protection Bureau who supplies dosimeters are part of which governmental body?

Health Canada

Fill in the blank: Dosimeters should be worn ______ the lead apron between the ______ and the ______.

under, neck, hips

What are the five tissues in the body that are the most sensative to ionizing radiation?

1. Skin of hands and feet
2. Gonads
3. Lens of eye
4. Blood forming organs (ie. bone marrow)
5. GI tract

Which two tissues in the body are the least sensitive to ionizing radiation?

1. Muscle cells
2. Nerve cells

Name some of the effects chronic radiation exposure can have (6 total)

Remember: Di CAN Cause Problems

1. Dermal ulcers on the skin

2. Cancer

3. Altered pigmentation

4. Non–specific life shortening effects

5. Cataract induction

6. Permanent or temporary sterility

True or false: After a fetus is born it can suffer from all of the same effects from chronic radiation exposure as an adult

True

Order these syndroms from most to least radiation required to cause them: GI failure, hematopoietic failure, neurological/cardiovascular failure

Neurologicaland cardiovascular failure (100+ Gy) > Gastrointestinal failure (5 to 12 Gy) > Hematopoietic failure (2.5 to 5 Gy)

Which requires more radiation to cause: Male or female permanent infertilty

Male permanent infertilty(6 Gy) > Female permanent infertilty (4 Gy)

Fill in the blank: 1 Gy = 1 Sv = __ J/kg

1

What does SID stand for?

Source image distance

Solve this inverse sqaure law equation: The distance is tripled, what fraction of radiation do you recieve?

I = 1/d^2
I = 1/3^2
I = 1/9

Therefore you recieve a ninth of the radiation

Solve this inverse sqaure law equation: The distnace is reduced by four times, how much more radiation do you recieve?

I = 1/d^2
I = 1/1/4^2
I = 16

Therefore you receive 16 times the radiation

True or false: If your lead gloves pass yearly inspection for cracks, it is safe to restrain a patient with them within the primary beam

False