straining foal

What are key history questions to ask regarding a straining foal?

Duration of straining, ability to pass anything, suckling status, meconium passage.

What signs may indicate meconium impaction in a foal?

Colic signs, abdominal distension, failure to pass meconium by 12 hours.

What does bradycardia and depression indicate in a straining foal?

Possible uroabdomen.

What is the significance of a meconium impaction?

It can cause obstruction in the small colon or pelvic inlet if not passed.

What is the appearance of a meconium impaction on abdominal ultrasound?

Hypoechoic-anechoic (speckled), with contracted intestinal wall.

What should be assessed with a digital exam during a clinical examination of a straining foal?

Possible meconium impaction.

What is a critical factor in diagnosing uroabdomen via abdominocentesis?

Creatinine level in free fluid being 2x the blood level.

What are the main blood tests to perform in a straining foal investigation?

IgG, glucose, lactate, haematology, biochemistry, inflammatory markers.

What is a common treatment option for meconium impaction in foals?

Enema (phosphate, warm soapy water, or acetylcysteine retention enema).

What is the management approach for umbilical infection in a foal?

Administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics for 2 weeks and repeated ultrasound.

What should be done if there is evidence of uroabdomen in a foal?

Refer for surgical repair.

What constitutes proper fluid management for hypovolaemia in a straining foal?

IV Hartmann’s solution at 20ml/kg.

What analgesics are recommended for straining foals?

Butorphanol and possibly NSAIDs.

What are some potential abdominal causes of straining in foals?

Meconium impaction, enterocolitis, dysmotility, SI strangulation.

What urinary causes can lead to straining in foals?

Uroabdomen, congenital abnormalities, umbilical infection.