Geography IGCSE

What is the average annual change of the population size during a set period of time called?

Population growth rate.

What was the world population in 1804?

1 billion.

What is the predicted population stabilization by the UN in 2100?

11 billion.

What term is used for when there are more people in an area than can be supported by its resources?

Overpopulation.

What can overpopulation lead to?

Increased pollution, crime rates, unemployment, food and water shortages.

Which country is a case study for overpopulation and has a population of over 217 million?

Nigeria.

What is the predicted population density of Lagos by 2100?

It is predicted to become the world’s largest city, but exact density isn't provided in notes.

What is the main cause of overpopulation in Nigeria?

High birth and fertility rates.

What is a key feature of Japan's population change according to the case study?

Low birth rate and an ageing population.

What is 'natural population change'?

The difference between birth rate and death rate.

What does the Demographic Transition Model illustrate?

Stages of population change as countries develop, showing changes in birth and death rates.

What stage is characterized by high birth and high death rates?

Stage 1.

What leads to a decrease in birth rates in countries with high fertility?

Access to family planning and contraception, cultural preferences, and women's education.

What are pull factors in migration?

Factors motivating people to move into a country.

What is one example of a positive impact on the country of destination from migration?

Increased diversity and cultural enrichment.

What are some impacts of underpopulation in countries like Canada?

Shortage of workers and an ageing population.

How does deforestation primarily occur in rainforests?

Through agriculture, especially for cattle ranching.

What factors contribute to the high birth rate in Niger?

Average age of marriage at 15.7 and low educational levels for girls.

What adaptation allows the Amazon Ceiba tree to survive in dry conditions?

Storing water in the trunk.

What is one reason people migrate from urban to rural areas since the 1970s?

Rising costs of big cities.

What is an adaptation of the fog basking beetle in the Namib desert?

Gets water by standing on its head to collect fog.