behavior perspective-dopamine hypothesis

behavioral perspective

says that mental disorders are caused by maladaptive (unhelpful) learned associations/conditioning

ex. fear is classically conditioned; bad events lead to fear

ex. reinforcement helps maintain phobias and compulsions

psychodynamic perspective

says that mental disorders are caused by unconscious thoughts and experiences, often developed during childhood

humanistic perspective

says that mental disorders are caused by a lack of social support and being unable to fulfill one’s potential

cognitive perspective

says that mental disorders are caused by maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or emotions

evolutionary perspective

says that mental disorders are caused by genetic mutations that cause behaviors and mental processes that may have once been adaptive, or may be adaptive in some circumstances, but not generally not adaptive today

ex. schizophrenia and bipolar disorders may be effects of a genetic mutation and promotes creativity

sociocultural perspective

says that mental disorders are caused by maladaptive social and cultural relationships and dynamics

biological perspective

says that mental disorders are caused by physiological or genetic issues

biopsychosocial model

assumes that psychological disorders involve a combination or biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

diathesis-stress model

assumes that psychological disorders develop due to genetic vulnerability (________) in combination with stressful like experiences (stress)

neurodevelopmental disorders

defined as beginning in childhood, characterized by exhibiting behaviors inappropriate for a persons age or maturity age. causes are environmental, physiological and or genetic

delusions

false beliefs, often of grandeur (exaggerated sense of self importance) or persecution (everyone is out to get me)

hallucinations

false perceptions (no sensory input), can involve multiple senses but most often hearing+disorganized thinking or speech

word salad

stringing words together in nonsensical ways

catatonia

disorganized movement can be stupor(no movement) or excitement(extra movement)

stupor

lack of movement

excitement

excessive, often repetitive movements

flat affect

no emotional expression

dopamine hypothesis

people who schizophrenia have high levels of dopamine