BOT3015 - Plant Cells, and Growth

Determinate Growth

The type of growth that stops after a time. Usually a plant cannot heal/regrow. It's maximum size rarely achieved in

nature (Usually applies to leaves, flowers and fruits)

Indeterminate Growth

The type of growth where a plant is able to keep growing through life. Usually a plant can heal/regrow. It can be limited by resources and environmental factors

(Usually applies to roots and stems)

Cell Theory

Created in 1838 by Schleidern and Swann. States that all plants and animals are made of cells and cells are the basic units of life.

Cell - Parts

1. Plasma Membrane

2. Cytoplasm

3. DNA

4. Ribosomes

DNA - Chromatin and Chromosomes

During cellular replication, DNA is visible in the form of chromosomes. During cellular growth and maintenance, proteins attach to chromosomes, making them resemble

jumbled threads.

Eukaryotic Cells - Unique Components

Endomembrane System, Vesicles and peroxisomes, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and Mitochondria

Endomembrane System

Modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins

Plant Cells

Contains unique components such as: Cell wall, central vacuole and plastids such as chloroplast

Central Vacuole

A large, membrane-bound structure which

stores water and can fill much of the cell. Plays a key role in osmosis. Stores also nutrients, ions, and waste

products.

Chloroplast

A type of plastid that stores chlorophyll and other

pigments for photosynthesis. Contains its own DNA and ribosomes.

Cell Wall Parts

Middle lamella, primary cell wall, secondary wall, plasmodesmata

Meristems

Regions of continuous cell division and growth

located in different points of the plant.

3 Types of Meristems

Apical meristems, Lateral meristems, & Intercalary meristems

Apical Meristem

Located at very end of stems (shoot apical

meristems) and roots (root apical meristems). They produce 3 types of primary meristematic tissues

3 types of Primary Meristematic Tissues

Protoderm, Ground Meristem, & Procambium

Protoderm

Gives rise to epidermis

- Dermal tissue

Ground Meristem

Gives rise to ground

tissue (photosynthetic, storage, support)

Procambium

Gives rise to vascular tissue

(transport)

Lateral Meristem

Responsible for secondary growth

- increase of girth. Located in 2 regions

Vascular Cambium

Gives rise to vascular tissue

Cork Cambium

Arises from the pericycle and the cortex - produces periderm (secondary dermal

tissue)