Detailed Notes on Mitosis and the Cell Cycle

Mitosis

The process of cell division that results in genetically identical daughter cells.

Interphase

The stage between two successive divisions, consisting of three phases: G1, S, and G2.

G1 Phase

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.

S Phase

The phase of the cell cycle during which DNA is synthesized (replicated).

G2 Phase

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell continues to grow and prepares for division.

M Phase

The phase where the cell and its contents divide, consisting of mitosis and cytokinesis.

Prophase

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes condense and become visible, and spindle fibers emerge.

Prometaphase

The stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope breaks down, and kinetochores appear on centromeres.

Metaphase

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.

Anaphase

The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles.

Telophase

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles and the nuclear envelope forms around each set.

Cytokinesis

The process that divides the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells, varying between animal and plant cells.

G1 Checkpoint

A checkpoint in the cell cycle that checks for nutrients, growth factors, and DNA damage.

G2 Checkpoint

A checkpoint in the cell cycle that assesses cell size and verifies DNA replication.

M Phase Checkpoint

A checkpoint that ensures proper attachment of spindle fibers to chromosomes.

Tumors

Abnormal growths arising from uncontrolled cell division that can occur in any tissue.

Cancer

Diseases caused by tumors, resulting from uncontrolled cell division.