one dimensional kinematics key terms

metric system

a system of measurement based on the number 10

SI

International System of Units based on metric system

fundamental units

seven basic units of the SI measurement system including time length and mass\-- kilogram, second, mole, meter, ampere, Kelvin, candela

second

standard unit of time; frequency of radiation emitted by cesium-133 atom

meter

A standard unit of length in the metric system; distance light travels in 1/ 300000000 second in a vacuum

kilogram

standard unit of mass of an object; only not defined in terms of properties of atoms; the mass of a platinum-iridium metal cylinder stored near paris france

factor-label

method used to convert units

scientific notation

exponent notation typically used to express large and small numbers- written in the form of M x 10 ^n where M is in between 1 and 10 and n is an integer.

prefix

letters placed before units used to simplify scientific notation ; written in the form of M pu, where M is in between 1 and 1000 (max of 2 decimal places), p is a prefix and u are the units

frame of reference

coordinate system used to define motion

reference point

zero location in the frame of reference

position

separation between an object's distance and direction from a reference point; vector; measured in meters

distance

separation between two objects; secular; measured in meters

scalar quantity

has only magnitude or size

vector quantity

has both magnitude and direction; denoted with a symbol above the variable

time

how long it takes for an event to occur; scalar.

speed

how fast an object is moving; typically represented in meters per second (m/s); scalar.

instantaneous speed

the speed of an object at any given time (m/s).

Avrage speed

the ratio of position to time (m/s); usually referred to as speed.

Velocity

speed of an object including direction; the ratio of change in position to change in time, including direction (m/s); vector.

average velocity

average of final and original velocities.

constant velocity

motion in a straight line at a constant speed; vf \= vo.

independent variable

variable that is manipulated or changed in experiment; always the x-axis.

dependent variable

variable that responds to change of manipulated variable; always the y-axis.

linear relationship

as the x-axis changes, the y-axis changes at a constant rate, y \= mx + b.

slope

rate of change; rise divided by run; constant value.

y-intercept

where the curve crosses the y-axis; where x \= 0.

R^2 value

coefficient of determination; reliability range from 0 to 1 that indicates how well the data falls on a line of best fit (trend line); \>0.95 linear, 0.9 to 0.95 possibly linear,

direct relationship

the x-axis and y-axis are both increasing at a constant rate creating a positive slope, y \= +mx + b.

indirect relationship

either the x-axis increases as the y-axis decreases at a constant rate creating a negative slope or the x-axis decreases as the y-axis increases at a constant rate creating a negative slope, y \= -mx + b.

inverse relationship

as the x-axis increases, the y-axis decreases at a varying rate or as the x-axis decreases, the y-axis increases at a varying rate, y \= m/x

quadratic relationship

as the x-axis increases, the y-axis increases at an parabolic rate, y \= mx2 + b.

Interpolation

reading the graph between data points.

extrapolation

reading the graph beyond the limits of the collected data points.

position-time graph

graph that shows the relationship between position and time of an object; if the relationship is linear, the slope of the line of best fit defines the constant velocity of the object.

Acceleration

the rate at which velocity changes; includes changes in speed or direction.

average acceleration

the ratio of change in velocity to change in time, including direction (m/s2); vector.

constant acceleration

acceleration that does not change over time.

free fall

motion under the influence of gravity only.

Acceleration due to gravity

a change in velocity due to the affects of free fall; -9.8 m/s2; can be rounded to 10 m/s2 when estimating; vector.

veloity-time graph

graph that shows the relationship between velocity and time of a moving object; if the relationship is linear, the slope of the line of best fit defines the constant acceleration of the object.

displacement

change in position, df - do; Δx (xf - xo) or Δy (yf - yo) in 2-D motion.