natomy & Physiology for Esthetics - Study Guide

1. The Body Systems

Skeletal System – All the bones that give structure and support.

Muscular System – Muscles that help move the body.

Circulatory System – Moves blood, oxygen, and nutrients around the body.

Respiratory System – Helps you breathe (lungs, nose, etc.).

Digestive System – Breaks down food so the body can use it.

Excretory System – Gets rid of waste (pee, sweat, etc.).

Reproductive System – The system that allows people to have babies.

Nervous System – Sends signals through the body so you can move, feel, and think.

Endocrine System – Makes hormones to control body functions.

Lymphatic System – Helps fight infections and remove waste.

Immune System – Protects your body from getting sick.

Integumentary System – Your skin, hair, and nails that protect the body.

2. The Skin & Body Tissues

Histology – The study of tiny body parts like cells and tissues.

Body tissue – Groups of cells that work together.

Connective tissue – Tissue that holds things together (like tendons).

Nerve tissue – Sends messages through the body (like in the brain).

3. The Circulatory System & Blood

Blood – Carries oxygen and nutrients through the body.

Plasma – The liquid part of blood that carries cells.

Platelets – Tiny cells in blood that help stop bleeding.

Valves – Flaps in the heart that keep blood flowing in one direction.

Heart – Pumps blood through the body.

4. The Glands & Hormones

Glands – Small organs that make and release important fluids.

Parathyroid gland – Controls calcium levels in the body.

Pituitary gland – Controls growth and hormones.

Pancreas – Helps digest food and controls blood sugar.

Hormones – Chemical messengers that tell your body what to do.

5. The Skeletal System & Joints

Sternum – The breastbone in the middle of the chest.

Occipital bone – The bone at the back of the skull.

Spinal cord – Sends messages between the brain and the body.

Joint – Where two bones meet and allow movement.

6. The Lymphatic & Immune System

Lymph – A clear liquid that helps fight germs and remove waste.

Lymphatic system – Helps fight infections and remove waste.

Immune system – Protects your body from getting sick.

7. The Muscles of the Face & Body

Occipitalis – Moves the scalp at the back of the head.

Frontalis – Raises your eyebrows.

Orbicularis oculi – Helps you blink.

Buccinator – Helps with chewing and smiling.

Triangularis – Helps you frown.

Levator anguli oris – Lifts the corners of your mouth (smiling).

Orbicularis oris – Controls the lips (puckering, closing, etc.).

Masseter – A strong jaw muscle for chewing.

Temporalis – A side-of-the-head muscle that helps chew.

Risorius – Pulls lips sideways (like when smirking).

Auricularis muscles – Help move the ears (some people can wiggle them).

Sternocleidomastoid – A neck muscle that helps turn your head.

Bicep – A muscle in the upper arm.

Latissimus dorsi – A big back muscle that helps move the arms.