WEIMAR + Rise of Hitler (COMPLETE, DATES ONLY)

German Revolution (when, plan, 5 whats)

October 1918, plan to have constitutional monarchy, Prince Max von Baden made chancellor, then revolts breaking out, Kaiser abdicated, coalition gov formed under Ebert, left and right wing opposition mounting (Freikorps)

Ebert-Groener Agreement (when, what, what)

1918, use troops to keep stability, in return for promise to oppose revolutionary socialism

Stinnes-Legien Agreement

1918, agreement between unions and industry

Spartacist revolt

January 1919, failed Communist uprising in Berlin, NCA moved to Weimar

Weimar Constitution created (year, 3 main points)

1919, proportional representation, Article 48, traditional institutions of imperial Germany still going

Kapp Putsch (year, cause, 5 course)

1920, unease over reducing size of army (ToV), march on Berlin and install ‘new’ gov, army refused to get involved, gov fled Berlin, before leaving SPD called for strike, few days later Putsch collapsed

SA created

1921

‘March operation’ (failed comm. uprising)

1921

Genoa Conference + Rapallo Treaty (year, topic)

1922, Ger asked for rep postponement (again)

Hyperinflation economic crisis (year, 4 causes, 2 outcomes)

1923, Causes: national debt from war, deficit financing since war, gov printing money to sell for ‘hard currency’ rep payments, French occupation of Ruhr + call for ‘passive resistance’, Outcome: german currency collapsed, ppl had to barter

Beer Hall Putsch (year, whats, outcomes)

1923, declared national revolution, put down by army, H only got 10 months in prison, NSDAP banned, H used as propaganda project

Stresemann 100 days (when, 5 key initiatives)

1923-24, called off passive resistance, cut gov expenditure, introduced Rentenmark, Dawes committee set up, extremists on left and right defeated

Dawes plan (year, 2 what)

1924, 800 Million Reichsmark as initial loan, reparations triangle

Nazi party refounded (year, 3 whats)

1925, SS created, new ‘legal’ approach, H must have complete control of party

Hitler Youth (founded, compulsory)

Founded 1926, made compulsory 1939

Compulsory unemployment insurance

1927

Grand Coalition

1928-30

NSDAP 2.6% (year, 2 whats)

1928, had gained membership, popular among agriculture ppl

Stresemann dead

1929

Young plan (year, 2 plan whats, outcome)

1929, 36 billion Reichsmark, 59 years, National Opposition formed

Himmler leader of SS

1929

Goebbels in charge of Propaganda

1930

1928-1930 electoral breakthrough

800,000 → 6.4 million

Harzburg front (when, why)

1931, Opposition to Brüning

In-party Stennes revolt

1931

66 uses of Article 48

1932

NSDAP biggest party

1932

Hitler becomes chancellor (when, cause)

30, January 1933, Hindenburg convinced to have Hitler-Papen chancellorship

Reichstag fire

February 1933

Day of Potsdam

1933

Enabling act passed (when, how long)

March 1933, dictatorial powers for 4 years

Concordat with churches

July 1933

DAF created

1933

NSDAP only party left

1933

Night of Long Knives

June 1934

Hindenburg dead

August 1934

Immediate/initial Economic programme under Schacht (year, 4 what)

1933, deficit financing, public works, state control of capital, Reich Farm Law (security for farmers)

‘New plan’ (year, + 3 what)

1934, deficit financing, prevent excessive imports, bilateral trade treaties

Air force and conscription

March 1935

Nuremberg laws

1935

Four Year plan (year, 4 whats)

1936, increase agri+ raw materials, Ersatz products, autarky, guns or butter?

Remilitarisation of Rhineland

March 1936

Himmler chief of police

1936

Göring economic dictator

1937

Niemöller Sermon + Pope Letter

1937

Anschluss

March 1938

Kristallnacht

November 1938

Anti-semitic decrees

1938

Bekennende Kirche created

1934

Gleichschaltung (year, 2 whats)

1933, aligning w/ traditional Ger then aligning it w Nazism, press censorship (Editor’s Law ‘33)

Replacement of religion in Germany

German Faith Movement, Paganism

Common scapegoats (3)

Jews, Communists, ‘November criminals’

Weimar Golden Twenties - Positives (3 economic, 3 foreign, 2 social)

Econ: by 1928 production that of 1913, exports grew by 40%, foreign investment

Foreign: Dawes plan, Locarno Pact, Hague Conference (starting withdrawal of French troops from Rhineland)

Social: development in culture and art, welfare state

Weimar Golden Twenties - Issues (6 economic, 1 political, 1 foreign, 2 social)

Econ: imports exceed exports, unemployment never below 1.3 million, world trade did not return to pre-war levels, agriculture never fully recovered (land loss from ToV), in debt from ‘25 becuz of welfare state, relying on foreign loans

Political: coalitions still difficult (longest gov survived for 21 months)

Foreign: no revision of Versailles

Social: divided society, traditional institutions still powerful

Impact of Great Depression (6 economic + 1 outcome)

US wants loan repayments, demand for exports collapsed, mass unemployment (5.6 m in ‘32), 50,000 businesses collapsed, many farms sold off, major banks collapsed, turned to political crisis (51.6% for undemocratic parties in ‘32)

Brüning, Papen, Schleicher weaknesses

B: cut spending + raised taxes, worsened depression, ruled via presidential decrees

P: declared state of emergency and made self Reich Commissioner of Prussia (unconstitutional)

S: too ambitious, not trusted

Economy at beginning of war (years, 2 what)

1939-41, war economy working, Blitzkrieg bringing quick results

Total war (years, 3 what)

1941-45, Speer employed at ‘technocrat’, mass production of arms, still not level of allies

Policies towards women (4 whats)

‘33 marriage loans + tax deductions per child, ‘33 women removed from workforce, Kinder Küche Kirche, ‘36 law combatting abortion (rate peak in ‘39)